Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency. The purpose of this study is to determine if functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune-modulating genes pre-dispose infants to NEC. After Institutional Review Board approval and parental consent, buccal swabs were collected for DNA extraction. TaqMan allelic discrimination assays and BglII endonucleas...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and develops partly from an exaggerated intestinal epithelial immune response to indigenous microbes. There has been interest in administering probiotic bacteria to reduce NEC severity, yet concerns exist regarding infection risk. Mechanisms of probiotic activity in NEC are unknown a...

Abstract Null energy condition (NEC) is revisited in the context of thin-shell wormholes (TSW). In a generic spherically symmetric configuration we introduce upon which NEC satisfied. Also, present general specifies stability TSW against radial linear perturbation. Furthermore, specific bulk metric framework gravity coupled minimally with nonlinear electrodynamics such that corresponding satisf...

Introduction: Gastric acidity plays an important role in the protection of infants against various pathogens from environment. The histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2-blockers) are off-labeled drugs that frequently prescribed preterm neonates to prevent stress ulcers. impact H2-blockers on development necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is still controversial, particularly developing world. Materials...

Clinicopathologic features of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), apart from those of small-cell carcinoma, have not been characterized. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features and prognosis including overall survival of NEC of the esophagus. We identified 40 patients with esophageal NEC from our institutional database. All cancers had been clinically staged using endoscopic ultrason...

Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibits necroptosis by allosterically inhibiting the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), which plays a critical role in necroptosis. RIP1 is a crucial adaptor kinase involved in the activation of NF-κB, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). NF-κB, ROS and MAPKs all play impor...

We show that the eternal inflation scenario requires violations of the Null Energy Condition (NEC) in de Sitter space. Within the context of semiclassical gravity, NEC violations are absent if the quantum state of fields is assumed to be de Sitter invariant since the expectation value of the “quantum NEC operator” vanishes. We then discuss the necessity of defining a smeared NEC operator. We fi...