In this study, the effect of number tourists experiencing hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia on Turkey's international tourism incomes was examined using ARDL bounds test and Granger causality test. The dataset includes 60 observations a monthly basis between 2015 2019. cointegration relationship, which expresses long-term balance ride incomes, has been determined. According to findings it det...

The nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth has long been among the most debated issues in macroeconomics. Some studies find a positive link two factors, but others no evidence. This current research fills gap by analysing causal Indonesia for period 1970-2018. as developing country is one of largest recipients FDI flow; hence study on impact very much important. employs con...

The study investigated the impact of monetary policy on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 1981 to 2020 was sourced Central Bank Nigeria statistical bulletin and national bureau statistics (various editions). ARDL bounds testing approach co-integration used analyse data. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model Error Correction Model (ECM) were utilized address main...

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over period 1990–2019. autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by length time series, we e...

This study attempts to estimate the optimum government size in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using annual data covering 1971–2019 period by applying linear and nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL Model. The main focus is whether Armey curve valid for KSA. statistical diagnostic tests provide an evidence model adequacy that estimation results are reliable. Moreover, short-run revealed ...

This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced emissions are estimated addition total Estimated accommodate more flexible forms than those widely adopted testing Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) b...

This paper examines the nexus between financial development and energy consumption in South Africa. To determine long run short relationship Africa, uses an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test (ARDL) Granger causality to establish type of correlation 1980 2018. ARDL testing method offers concrete long-run estimates t-statistics as it is flexible whether adopted variables are I(0) or I(1...