We present a methodology for characterization and an approach for computing the solutions of fuzzy linear systems with LR fuzzy variables. As solutions, notions of exact and approximate solutions are considered. We transform the fuzzy linear system into a corresponding linear crisp system and a constrained least squares problem. If the corresponding crisp system is incompatible, then the fuzzy ...

Cyanobacterial toxins, especially the microcystins, are found in eutrophied waters throughout the world, and their potential to impact on human and animal health is a cause for concern. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the common toxic microcystin congeners and occurs frequently in diverse water systems. Recent work suggested that apoptosis plays a major role in the toxic effects induced by MC-...

Proteasome degrades proteins in eukaryotic cells. As such, the proteasome is crucial in cell cycle and function. This study proved that microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which is a toxic by-product of algal bloom, can target cellular proteasome and selectively inhibit proteasome trypsin-like (TL) activity. MC-LR at 1 nM can inhibit up to 54% of the purified 20S proteasome TL activity and 43% of the prote...

Neuronal loss is a major neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The associations between soluble Aβ oligomers and cellular components cause this neurotoxicity. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) has recently been implicated in Aβ pathogenesis. In this study the mechanism underlying the pathological role of LRP/LR was elucidated. Försters Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET...

We say that A ≤LR B if every B-random set is A-random with respect to Martin-Löf randomness. We study this reducibility and its interactions with the Turing reducibility, Π1 classes, hyperimmunity and other recursion theoretic notions. A natural variant of the Turing reducibility from the point of view of Martin-Löf randomness is the LR reducibility which was introduced in [12]. We say that A ≤...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated in the ocular or nasal cavity. Like other alphaherpesviruses, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons but has the potential of reactivating from latency and spreading. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) RNA, which is alternatively spliced ...