The small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is an acellular collagen-based matrix, primarily composed of fibrillar collagens (types I, II, and V). They enhance healing due to a minimal immune response. A good degradation rate is the degradation of materials equal to the rate of remodeling in the host. The SIS should apply a good degradation rate and cytocompatibility. In this study, a series of SIS wi...

Recording simultaneous activity of a large number of neurons in distributed neuronal networks is crucial to understand higher order brain functions. We demonstrate the in vivo performance of a recently developed electrophysiological recording system comprising a two-dimensional, multi-shank, high-density silicon probe with integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor electronics. The syst...

To study the effects of environmental endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) on aquatic animals, embryos and larvae are typically incubated in water containing defined concentrations of EDCs. However, the amount of EDC uptake into the animal is often difficult to determine. Using radiolabeled estradiol ([3H]E2), we previously developed a rapid, straightforward assay to measure estradiol uptake fr...

In recent years, early disclosure and compensation (EDC) programs have received increasing attention as an innovative option that health systems might use to address adverse events and the risk management concerns that result from them. Several of the health systems that are implementing such programs have reported positive results. Recent federal funding will facilitate the implementation of n...

Real-time interactive multimedia applications are highly delay-sensitive, and packets that are out of delay boundaries are usually obsolete. However the current Internet Protocol lacks a way to control the lifetime of the packets explicitly. We propose a packet lifetime control mechanism called Explicit Delay Control (EDC) that embeds a Maximum Tolerable Delay (MTD) field in an IPv4 option. At ...

The programmable logic controller (PLC) system is a type of the hybrid systems, which is a widely used safety-critical system in industry. It is regarded that the formal method is a valuable and indispensable way of analyzing and validating the PLC systems. However, which formal methods and how to use the methods are challenges. In this article, we propose a specific formal method of the PLC sy...

Out-band radiation is a severe problem for Cognitive Radio with OFDM system (CR-OFDM) which is caused by the sidelobe of OFDM signals. Lots of studies have been done on suppressing the sidelobe power and numerous methods have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel method to minimize the sidelobe by adding extended data carrier so called EDC to the original data carriers so as to prote...

BACKGROUND Although many mediators involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis are known, its precise mechanism is still unknown. In vitro experiments may contribute to the recognition of cellular changes which also take place during fibrosis. METHODS Renal tubular epithelial cells (EPC), mesangial cells (MC) and glomerular endothelial cells (GEDC) as well as endothelial cells (EDC) and myofibro...

Patients with poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) show different symptoms compared to other types of CRPS, as they usually complain of shoulder and wrist pain with the elbow relatively spared. It is thus also known by the term "shoulder-hand syndrome."The aim of this study is to present a possible pathophysiology of poststroke CRPS through ultrasonographic observation of the affect...

BACKGROUND As hardware for electronic data capture (EDC), such as smartphones or tablets, becomes cheaper and more widely available, the potential for using such hardware as data capture tools in routine healthcare and research is increasing. OBJECTIVE We aim to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of four EDC systems being used simultaneously in rural Malawi: two for Android devices (C...