We have successfully applied full-3-D tomography (F3DT) based on a combination of the scattering-integral method (SI-F3DT) and the adjoint-wavefield method (AW-F3DT) to iteratively improve a 3-D starting model, the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Community Velocity Model version 4.0 (CVM-S4). In F3DT, the sensitivity (Fréchet) kernels are computed using numerical solutions of the 3...

Contingent valuation methodology (CVM) has been increasingly applied to cultural resources. CVM employs survey methods to gather stated preference information, which can be used to estimate economic values of various cultural resources and projects. Although popular in other fields, the application of CVM in the cultural arena is relatively recent. This article summarizes this growing body of e...

INTRODUCTION The cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method is used to determine the timing of treatment of Class II malocclusion. Because its performance has not been tested in patients with Class II, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CVM method in predicting craniofacial growth in Class II malocclusion. METHODS Twenty-nine untreated girls with Class II mal...

Congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) pose a significant health problem because they can be associated with spinal deformities, such as congenital scoliosis and kyphosis, in addition to various syndromes and other congenital malformations. Additional information remains to be learned regarding the natural history of congenital scoliosis and related health problems. Although significant progr...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the size of the genetic effect (heritability) in families identified by a hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) proband. BACKGROUND Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a severe form of cardiovascular malformation (CVM), and it remains a leading cause of infant mortality and childhood morbidity. Familial clustering of HLHS and bicuspid aortic valve (BA...

Higher-precision inferences about impending software failures can be achieved when the same software reliability model that fits failure data from the test interval also fits data from the field interval. If the test and field environments differ significantly in terms of how the software is used, then a single model for the pooled data may not be adequate. In this article we formulate the hypo...

The cluster variation method (CVM) is a hierarchy of approximate variational techniques for discrete (Ising–like) models in equilibrium statistical mechanics, improving on the mean–field approximation and the Bethe–Peierls approximation, which can be regarded as the lowest level of the CVM. In recent years it has been applied both in statistical physics and to inference and optimization problem...

1 The recently proposed rough margin based support vector machine (RMSVM) could tackle the overfitting problem due to outliers effectively with the help of rough margins. However, the standard solvers for them are time consuming and not feasible for large datasets. On the other hand, the core vector machine (CVM) is an optimization technique based on the minimum enclosing ball that can scale up...