Here, we analyzed the distribution of H-FABP/(HinfI, MspI, and HaeIII) and ACSL4/RsaI polymorphisms, and the associations of these 4 polymorphic loci with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and backfat thickness (BFT) in Yanan, Jinhua, Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs. H-FABP/HinfI polymorphisms were present in all the 6 populations. At the ACSL4/RsaI locus...

In order to tolerate servers’ Byzantine failures, a distributed storage service of self-verifying data (e.g., certificates) needs to make three security properties be Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT): data consistency, data availability, and confidentiality of the (signing service’s) private key. Building such systems demands the integration of Byzantine quorum systems (BQS), which only make data...

The high replication cost of Byzantine fault-tolerance (BFT) methods has been a major barrier to their widespread adoption in commercial distributed applications. We present ZZ, a new approach that reduces the replication cost of BFT services from 2f+1 to practically f+1. The key insight in ZZ is to use f+1 execution replicas in the normal case and to activate additional replicas only upon fail...

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an important part of the human and animal intestinal microbiota and is commonly associated with diarrhea. ETBF strains produce an enterotoxin encoded by the bft gene located in the B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BfPAI). Non-enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) strains lack the BfPAI and usually show two different genetic patterns, II and III, base...

The embedding procedure of Batalin, Fradkin, and Tyutin, which allows to convert a second-class system into a first-class one, is employed to convert second-class interacting models. Two cases are considered. One, is the SelfDual model minimally coupled to a Dirac fermion field. The other, the SelfDual model minimally coupled to a charged scalar field. In both cases, they are found equivalent i...

We newly revisit the gauge non-invariant chiral Schwinger model with a = 1 in view of the chain structure. As a result, we show that the Dirac brackets can be easily read off from the exact symplectic algebra of second-class constraints. Furthermore, by using an improved BFT embedding preserving the chain structure, we obtain the desired gauge invariant action including a new type of Wess-Zumin...

A blockchain is a distributed system that achieves strong security guarantees in storing, managing, and processing data. All blockchains achieve common goal: building decentralized provides trustworthy service an untrustworthy environment. builds Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) which nodes run protocol to reach agreement on the state. In this article, we focus research of BFT protocols. particul...

A posterolateral stability of the knee is maintained by numerous ligaments, tendons, and muscles including the biceps femoris tendon (BFT) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). The BFT functions as an external rotator of the tibia, and provides forceful stability to the knee. There were several previous reports on the distal insertion patterns of the BFT and LCL, and they do not agree with...

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) systems are considered to be state of the art with regards to providing reliability in distributed systems. Despite over a decade of research, however, BFT systems are rarely used in practice. In this paper, we describe our experience, from an application developer’s perspective, trying to leverage the publicly available, highlystudied and extended “PBFT” middlewa...

Existing Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocols face significant challenges in the consortium blockchain scenario. On the one hand, we can make little assumptions about the reliability and security of the underlying Internet. On the other hand, the applications on consortium blockchains demand a system as scalable as the Bitcoin but providing much higher performance, as well as provable safe...