Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) are potent inducers of pattern-triggered immunity and amplify the immune response against diverse pathogens. Peps have been discovered and studied extensively in Arabidopsis and only recently orthologues in maize were also identified and characterized in more detail.Here, the presence of PROPEPs, the Pep precursors, and PEPRs, the Pep receptors, was investigated w...

background: the most common complication of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is acute pancreatitis. a number of therapeutic trials have been studied due to reduce the occurrence of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (pep) but many of them were unsuccessful. periampullary corticosteroid injection was proposed to use as ...

Inter-hemispheric linkages in climate change: paleo-perspectives for future climate change J. Shulmeister, D. T. Rodbell, M. K. Gagan, and G. O. Seltzer Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Can...

The aim of this study was to understand the use and distribution of human rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccine in Bhutan and to identify risk factors for receiving an incomplete course of the vaccine. We analyzed post exposure treatment records from 28 medical hospitals from 2005 to 2008. Males (59%) accounted for significantly more PEP events than females (41%) across all age groups ...

BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which can be severe and cause death in approximately 10% of cases. Up to now, six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been found relevant to the effect of allopurinol on prevention of Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). However, these results remained controversial. OBJECTIVE To con...

INTRODUCTION Approximately, 1,000 HIV infections are transmitted annually to health care workers (HCWs) worldwide from occupational exposures. Tanzania HCWs experience one to nine needle stick injuries (NSIs) per year, yet the use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is largely undocumented. We assessed factors influencing use of PEP among HCWs following occupational exposure to HIV. METHODS A ...

BACKGROUND Biventricular (Biv) pacemaker echo optimization has been shown to improve cardiac output however is not routinely used due to its complexity. We investigated the role of a simple method involving computerized pre-ejection time (PEP) assessment by radial artery tonometry in guiding Biv pacemaker optimization. METHODS Blinded echo and radial artery tonometry were performed simultaneo...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer that invariably results in a dismal prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been completely effective as standard treatment options for patients due to recurrent disease. We and others have therefore developed molecular strategies to specifically target interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2), a GBM restricted ...

Persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) is a condition that occurs due to incomplete removal of trophoblastic tissue during fallopian tube-preservation surgery for tubal pregnancy. According to several studies, the incidence has been reported to be approximately 3%-20%,1 and the incidence appears to be rising due to the increase in treatment of tubal pregnancies via laparoscopic surgery.2-4 If treat...

BACKGROUND Breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) are used to improve pulmonary function and airway clearance. Different PEP devices are available, but there have been no studies that describe the pressure generated by different resistors. The purpose of this study was to compare pressures generated from the proprietary resistor components of 4 commercial flow-dependent PEP...