Manganese (Mn), is a trace metal required for normal physiological processes in humans. Mn levels are tightly regulated, as high levels of Mn result in accumulation in the brain and cause a neurological disease known as manganism. Manganism shares many similarities with Parkinson's disease (PD), both at the physiological level and the cellular level. Exposure to high Mn-containing environments ...

c(232)MnCu/Cu(100) is an ordered two-dimensional surface alloy that exhibits a checkerboard arrangement of Mn and Cu atoms on the Cu~100! surface. Mn buckles outwards by 0.3 Å with respect to Cu and in all previous scanning tunneling microscopy ~STM! experiments only one chemical species was imaged which was assumed to be Mn. We analyze the STM results by first-principles calculations based on ...

The first Mn L-edge absorption spectra of a Mn metalloprotein are presented in this paper. Both reduced and superoxidized Mn catalase have been examined by fluorescence-detected soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and their Mn L-edge spectra are dramatically different. The spectrum of reduced Mn(II)Mn(II) catalase has been interpreted by ligand field atomic multiplet calculations and by compari...

MN-UA1, the distance between the medial end of the median nerve and lateral end of the ulnar artery (MN-UA) at the level of 1 cm proximal to the distal wrist crease (DWC); MN-UA2, MN-UA at the level of 0.5 cm proximal to the DWC; MN-UA3, MN-UA at the level of DWC; MN-UA4, MN-UA at the level of 1 cm distal to the DWC; CSA, cross-sectional area of median nerve; SD, short diameter of median nerve;...

Manganese (Mn) intoxication results in neurological conditions similar, but not identical, to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. While the mechanism(s) by which Mn exposure leads to neurotoxic effects remains unclear, studies by magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate a high Mn accumulation in the hippocampal formation (HPCf) of the brain. Metal quantification using this method is not possible. Usi...

Manganese-oxidizing bacteria in the aquatic environment have been comprehensively investigated. However, little information is available about the distribution and biogeochemical significance of these bacteria in terrestrial soil environments. In this study, stratified soils were initially examined to investigate the community structure and diversity of manganese-oxidizing bacteria. Total 344 c...

A series of new manganese thioarsenates(V) [Mn(en)2Cu(AsVS4)]n (1, en = ethylenediamine), [Mn(dien)2][Mn(dien)(AsVS4)]2 (2, dien = diethylenetriamine), [Mn(teta)(AsVS4)]n (3, teta = triethylenetetramine), and {[Mn(dap)2][Mn(dap)(AsVS4)]2}n (4, dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 displays a neutral heterometallic [Mn(en)2Cu(AsVS4)]n ch...

a ( ) Brain Sciences Center 11B , Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA b Department of Physiology, UniÕersity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA c Department of Neurology, UniÕersity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA d Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, UniÕersity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA e Department of Radiolo...

Computational intelligence refers to an algorithm inspired by the body structure of natural animals and plants unique landscapes. It can perform simultaneous multithreaded work. In processing process food industry, multiple factors must be considered at same time optimize various parameters simultaneously. Therefore, this research combines computational algorithms with flow conducts on optimiza...