During 2003-05, states faced some of the largest budget shortfalls since World War II. With a focus on Medicaid and SCHIP, we examine budget decisions in eight states during this period. Increasing Medicaid enrollment because of the economic down-turn and rising health care costs compounded state budget shortfalls as state revenues dropped; problems peaked in 2004. States, however, were relucta...

Given a directed acyclic graph with timing constraints, the budget management problem is to assign to each vertex an incremental delay such that the total sum of these delays is maximized without violating given constraints. We propose the notion of slack sensitivity and budget gradient to demonstrate characteristics of budget management. We develop an optimal polynomial-time algorithm for the ...

The paper deals with an optimal stopping problem with a finite planning horizon where an available search budget, the total amount of money that can be invested in search activities throughout the planning horizon, is limited and where both the probability of an offer being obtained at each point in time and the probability distribution function of an obtained offer's value may depend on the se...

This article presents the effects of alternative fiscal policies on the intertemporal government budget constraint when the time horizon of the policy maker varies. I show that the wealth effect associated with cuts in the skill-adjusted labor income tax rate improves the intertemporal budget balance, whereas the intertemporal substitution effect associated with the physical capital income tax ...

Online algorithms that process one example at a time are advantageous when dealing with very large data or with data streams. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is such an algorithm and it is an attractive choice for online Support Vector Machine (SVM) training due to its simplicity and effectiveness. When equipped with kernel functions, similarly to other SVM learning algorithms, SGD is suscept...