In this paper we argue that the recent Garry Kasparov vs. Deep Blue matches are signiicant for the eld of artiicial intelligence in several ways, including providing an example of valuable baseline benchmarks for more complex alternatives to contrast and justify themselves. We will also brieey summarize some of the latest developments on computer chess research and highlight how our own work on...

The global distribution of dust column burden derived from MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products is compared to NH3 column burden retrieved from IASI infrared spectra. We found similarities in their spatial distributions, in particular their hot spots are often collocated over croplands and to a lesser extent pastures. Globally, we found 22 % of dust burden collocated with NH3, with only 1 % differe...

In the rods of certain fresh-water fishes rhodopsin is replaced by a purple photolabile pigment which I have suggested be called porphyropsin. This was first observed in situ by Kiihne and Sewall (1880), and was examined spectrographically in solution by K~ittgen and Abelsdorff (1896). Porphyropsin enters a retinal cycle which is identical in form with that of rhodopsin, but contains different ...

PURPOSE To determine whether blue light induces photoreversal of rhodopsin bleaching in vivo. METHODS Eyes of anesthetized albino rats were exposed to either green (550 nm) or deep blue (403 nm) light, and the time course of rhodopsin bleaching was determined. Rhodopsin was isolated from whole retinas by detergent extraction and measured photometrically. To inhibit photoreversal of bleaching,...

General Game Playing (GGP) is the art of designing programs that are capable of playing previously unknown games of a wide variety by being told nothing but the rules of the game. This is in contrast to traditional computer game players like Deep Blue, which are designed for a particular game and can’t adapt automatically to modifications of the rules, let alone play completely different games....

The helicity dependent parton distributions describe the number density of partons with given longitudinal momentum x and given polarization in a hadron polarized longitudinally with respect to its motion. After the discovery , more than 70 years ago , that the proton is not elementary , the observation of Bjorken scaling in the late 1960s lead to the idea of hadrons containing almost pointlike...

For a long period of time, two person zero-sum games have been in the focus of researchers of various communities. The efforts were mainly driven by the fascination of special competitions like Deep Blue vs. Kasparov, and of the beauty of parlor games like Checkers, Backgammon, Othello and Go. Multi-player games, however, have been inspected by far less, and although literature of game theory f...

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It is odd that chess grandmasters often disagree in their analysis of positions, sometimes even of simple ones, and that a grandmaster can hold his own against an powerful analytic machine such as Deep Blue. The fact that there must exist pure winning strategies for chess is used to construct a control strategy function. It is then shown that chess strategy is equivalent to an autonomous system...