Urban futures that are more resilient and sustainable require an integrated social-ecological system approach to urban policymaking, planning, management, and governance. In this article, we introduce the Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) and the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook (CBO) Projects as new social-ecological contributions to research and practice on emerging urban resil...

CBO uses two models of the economy to analyze the mediumand long-term effects of federal tax and spending policies: a Solow-type growth model and a life-cycle growth model. The models take different approaches toward capturing the ways in which the supply of labor responds to changes in fiscal policy. The Solow-type growth model uses estimates of how much the labor supply changes at a given poi...

CBO uses two models of the economy to analyze the mediumand long-term effects of federal tax and spending policies: a Solow-type growth model and a life-cycle growth model. The models take different approaches toward capturing the ways in which the supply of labor responds to changes in fiscal policy. The Solow-type growth model uses estimates of how much the labor supply changes at a given poi...

The Congressional Budget Office’s analyses of the long-term effects of changes in federal fiscal policy include the effects of changes in federal budget deficits on aggregate output and income. Those effects depend on the responses of private saving and net inflows of foreign capital to changes in deficits. This paper reviews empirical estimates of those two effects and explains how changes in ...

Leading medical associations have called for renewed standards of medical professionalism, including stronger public advocacy, a commitment to social justice in health care, and greater community engagement. New strategies are needed to enhance community participation among physicians, which can improve public trust in the medical profession and contribute needed expertise and teamwork to matte...

This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models. 1 Software product metrics This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models, especially those built by Madeyski and Jureczko [6, 5, 4]. • The metrics suite suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer [2]: Weighted Methods per Class (WMC). The...

Colliding bodies optimization (CBO) is a new population-based stochastic optimization algorithm based on the governing laws of one dimensional collision between two bodies from the physics. Each agent is modeled as a body with a specified mass and velocity. A collision occurs between pairs of objects to find the global or near-global solutions. Enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO) uses...