It has been reported that among drugs with mixed actions on central nervous system monoamine systems, increased serotonergic activity is associated with decreased potency as a reinforcer. The present experiment was designed to examine this relationship for amphetamine analogs that varied in serotonin releasing potency and to evaluate whether serotonergic actions can affect reinforcing efficacy....

PAL (EC 4.3.1.5) plays a key role in linking primary metabolism to phenylpropanoid metabolism by catalyzing the deamination of L-Phe to produce trans-cinnamic acid. This reaction is considered a key step in phenylpropanoid metabolism. In bean (Edwards et al., 1985) and parsley (Lois et al., 1989), PAL genes are transcriptionally activated by elicitor treatment, UV light, and wounding. We report...

Rationale: The ability to perform on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery touchscreen pairedassociate learning (PAL) test is predictive of Alzheimer’s disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Recently, an automated computer touchscreen PAL task for mice has been developed. Pharmacological validation of this task is warranted to establish it as a useful tool in future drug disco...

The Phylogenetic Analysis Library (PAL) is a Java class library for performing phylogenetic inference and analysis of primarily molecular sequence data. In this paper the features of PAL are described, in particular the new features since version 1.1. Practical examples of the usage of PAL are also given. 1

A cDNA clone coding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Welcome) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The partial cDNA clone encoded an mRNA of 527 bp and the derived amino acid sequence was found highly homologous to PAL from rice, maize and barley. Northern blot analysis ...