could be prepared by employing appropriate precursor molecules. Nanotubes containing both boron and nitrogen have Carbon nanotubes containing small amounts of nitrogen are been grown in the electric arc discharge between graphite produced by the pyrolysis of aza-aromatics such as pyridine, cathodes and graphite anodes filled with boron in a nitrogen methylpyrimidine and triazine over cobalt nan...

Pyrolysis is an attractive thermal conversion technology used to produce bio-oil and some chemicals. In this study, we investigated the pyrolysis of sewage sludge under N2 and CO2 atmosphere at various temperatures (350-750°C) in a rotating fixed bed reactor. For under N2 atmosphere, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows two major reaction peaks centered at 300 and 500°C. However, if CO2 was...

Three lignins: Indulin AT, Lignoboost, and Acetocell lignin, were characterized and pyrolyzed in a continuous-fed fast pyrolysis process. The physical and chemical properties of the lignins included chemical composition, heat content, ash, and water content. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to describe the pyrolysis of each lignin. Activation energy distributions of each ...

Charcoal of coconut shell is produced by pyrolysis at 300oC and chemically activated using HCl. Both charcoal chemical activation were measured analyzed Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The functional groups found O-H, aliphatic C-H, aromatic C=C, C-O, C-H. distribution pore length increased from 362 nm-1.02 µm to 1.10 ...

Taiwan suffers from energy insecurity and the threat of potential damage from global climate changes. Finding ways to alleviate these forces is the key to Taiwan's future social and economic development. This study examines the economic and environmental impacts when ethanol, conventional electricity and pyrolysis-based electricity are available alternatives. Biochar, as one of the most importa...

The method of processing biomass of various kinds by microwave-assisted pyrolysis has been presented. The fast pyrolysis process, characterized by rapid heating of the feedstock in the absence of oxygen and rapid cooling of the volatile intermediate reaction products, is one of attractive liquid biofuel production methods. However, the pyrolysis still requires improvements as regards the proces...

Solar dried sewage sludge (SS) conversion by pyrolysis and gasification processes has been performed, separately, using two laboratory-scale reactors, a fixed-bed pyrolyzer and a downdraft gasifier, to produce mainly hydrogen-rich syngas. Prior to SS conversion, solar drying has been conducted in order to reduce moisture content (up to 10%). SS characterization reveals that these biosolids coul...

The influence of KOH addition and air pretreatment on co-pyrolysis (600 °C) of a mixture of bio-oil and biomass (aspen wood) was investigated with the goal of increasing biochar yield. The bio-oil was produced as a byproduct of the pyrolysis of biomass and recycled in subsequent runs. Co-pyrolysis of the biomass with the recycled bio-oil resulted in a 16% mass increase in produced biochar. The ...

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) samples pretreated by ionic liquid (ILs)H2O mixtures were studied for application in a pyrolysis process. A 1-ethyl3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [Emim][MeSO3]-H2O mixture with solid acid catalyst NafionNR50 was used in the pretreatment process. A lower amount of hydrogen bonding between neighboring pretreated MCC chains resulted from a less ordered cellul...