Many cyanobacteria are able to alter the pigment composition of the phycobilisome in a process called complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA). The regulatory mechanisms of CCA have been identified in Fremyella diplosiphon, which regulates both phycoerythrin and phycocyanin levels, and Nostoc punctiforme, which regulates only phycoerythrin production. Recent studies show that these species use ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the expression of CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in the tissues of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hilar-CCA) and to investigate the cell proliferation and frequency of neural invasion (NI) influenced by RNAi-mediated CXCR4 silencing. METHODS An immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of CXCR4 in 41 clinical tissues, includin...

Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a transcription repressor that has been associated with the progressions of hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. However, the functional roles of ZHX1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not been determined. We investigated the expression and roles of ZHX1 during the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells. In silico analy...

Ranking relevance degree information is widely utilized in the ranking models of information retrieval applications, such as text and multimedia retrieval, question answering, and visual search reranking. However, existing feature dimensionality reduction methods neglect this kind of valuable potential supervised information. In this paper, we extend the pairwise constraints from the traditiona...

BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer, being characterized by its late diagnosis and fatal outcome. Recent epidemiological reports indicate an increasing worldwide incidence of intrahepatic CCA but a decreasing incidence of extrahepatic CCA. METHODS In this review, we present an overview of the incidence and epidemiology of CCA and possible strateg...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. New therapeutic strategies against CCA are urgently needed. This study investigated the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in human cholangiocarcinoma as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. So far, the role of LCN2 in cancer is still controversial and studies regarding...

Genetic risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain poorly understood. We assessed the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes modulating inflammation or carcinogenesis on CCA risk and survival. We conducted a case-control, candidate gene association study of 370 CCA patients and 740 age-, sex-, and residential area-matched healthy controls. Eighteen functional or putativ...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that may develop at any level of the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) on the basis of its anatomical location. Notably, although these three CCA subtypes have common features, they also have important inter- and intra-tumor differences that can affect their pat...