Classification evaluation metrics are often used to evaluate adaptive tutoring systems— programs that teach and adapt to humans. Unfortunately, it is not clear how intuitive these metrics are for practitioners with little machine learning background. Moreover, our experiments suggest that existing convention for evaluating tutoring systems may lead to suboptimal decisions. We propose the Learne...

of an M7.9 class flare on 13 March 2012. It is shown here in the 131 Å wavelength, which is particularly good for seeing solar flares and is typically colourized in teal. The flare was from the same active region, no. 1429, that produced flares and coronal mass ejections the entire week. The region had been moving across the face of the Sun since 2 March, then rotated out of Earth view. But per...

Using a complete panel of Ghanaian cocoa producers’ societies in the 1930s, we investigate whether group interaction problems threatened i) capital accumulation, ii) cocoa sales and iii) cooperative survival as membership size increased. We find evidence of group interaction problems. The net effect, however, is positive indicating gains from economies of scale as cooperatives expanded their me...

An accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) is a variation of the cranial vascular system. It usually originates from the anterior cerebral artery, particularly from its proximal part and supplies the orbitofrontal and prefrontal regions of the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It is reported in approximately 3% of dissections (Teal et al., 1973; Yasargil, 1984; Umansky et al., 1988...

We have performed a detailed characterization and identification of wheat gluten proteins obtained from the Teal variety of Canadian hard red spring wheat. RP-HPLC separation of the sample into 35 fractions has reduced the spectral complexity; this was followed by MALDI mass spectrometry (MS), which showed the presence of six or fewer resolved protein components above 20 kDa in each RP-HPLC fra...