Some philosophers think that life is worth living not merely because of the goods and bads within it, but also itself good. I explain how this idea can be formalized by associating each version view with a function from length to value generated itself. Then argue every good faces some following dilemma: either (1) human lives are worse than very long wholly devoid pleasure, desire-satisfaction...

Most econometric methods for testing the proposition of long-run monetary neutrality rely on the assumption that money and real output do not cointegrate. This paper argues that these results can be attributed in part to the low power of univariate tests, and that a violation of the noncointegration assumption is likely to result in a nonrejection of the neutrality proposition. To alleviate thi...

“Network neutrality” and “open access” are two policies designed to preserve openness on the Internet. Open access mandates openness of conduits (e.g. television cable and DSL) to intermediaries (e.g. America Online), while network neutrality mandates openness to advanced content (streaming video, interactive e-commerce, etc.). We develop a systems model with free entry and competition in all t...