There are some different viewpoints on the verse 41 in chapter Anfal of the Holy Quran that it is necessary to have one fifth of spoil to different incomes. The main reasons for these different viewpoints are the interest meaning of ‘spoil’. Not only referring to dictionaries, but also linguistic principles have not an effect on determine the meaning of ‘spoil’ in (8: 41...

Construction grammar offers a valuable tool for handling certain tricky cases that provide a challenge to MTT. In this paper, two such cases are examined, viz. ‘hybrid’ uses of nonmotion verbs in motion constructions and omissions of motion verbs resulting in verbless sentences. Finally, the procedure of how to incorporate a construction into the MTT framework is substantiated by means of verbs...

Linguistics as a scientific study of human language intends to describe and explain it. However, validity of a linguistic theory is difficult to prove due to volatile nature of language as a human convention and impossibility to cover all real-life linguistic data. In spite of these problems, computational techniques and modeling can provide evidence to verify or falsify linguistic theories. As...

This paper presents the results of the PASCAL Challenge on Grammar Induction, a competition in which competitors sought to predict part-of-speech and dependency syntax from text. Although many previous competitions have featured dependency grammars or partsof-speech, these were invariably framed as supervised learning and/or domain adaption. This is the first challenge to evaluate unsupervised ...

This paper shows one of the methods used for grammar checking, as it is being developed in the frame of the EC funded project LATESLAV -Language Technology li)r Slavic Languages (PECO 2824). The languages under consideration in the project Czech and Bulgarian are both free word order languages, therefore it is not sufficient to use only simple pattern based methods for error checking. The empha...