[1] Water-vapor-weighted atmospheric mean temperature, Tm, is a key parameter in the retrieval of atmospheric precipitable water (PW) from ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of zenith path delay (ZPD), as the accuracy of the GPSderived PW is proportional to the accuracy of Tm. We compare and analyze global estimates of Tm from three different data sets from 1997 to 2002: ...

This paper considers how independent and interdependent learning can be fostered through a process approach to the teaching of writing. It does so by presenting the theoretical rational which underlies a university academic skills programme. Drawing on reports of this programme which have been published elsewhere (e.g., Brine & Campbell, 2002), it is a case study illustrating how scaffolding ca...

Abstract To meet the demands for data combination with multiple space geodetic techniques at observation level, we developed a new software platform high extensibility and computation efficiency, named Geodetic SpatioTemporal Analysis Research (GSTAR). Most of modules in GSTAR are coded C++ object-oriented programming. The layered modular theory is adopted design software, antenna-based archite...

Dynamic Assessment is an approach to assessment within Applied Linguistics which is stemmed from Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of mind, his concept of Zone of Proximal Development and Feuerstein's theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability. This study is an attempt to pinpoint the sources of mental processing problems in listening comprehension and applies dynamic interventions to remove t...

Despite considerable attention to inquiry and reflection in the literatures of science education and teacher education/professional development over the past century, few theoretical or analytical tools exist to compare/contrast these processes, or to characterize their development, within a naturalistic classroom context. In the current research study, we develop a model of shared sense-making...

Influenced by research designed to examine the effects of formative assessment on academic content learning (e.g., math) in mainstream classrooms (Black & Wiliam, 1998; Sadler, 1989; Wiliam, 2011), many second and foreign language assessment (L2) researchers (e.g., Genesee & Upshur, 1996; Leung, 2004; McNamara, 2001; Purpura, 2004; Rea-Dickens, 2008; Shohamy, 1998; Turner, 2012) have highlighte...

This study explored peer support among grade 5 learners of English as a foreign language (N = 24) interacting during regular lessons. Grounded in sociocultural theory and applying mixed-method research methodology, this to what extent how young one another classroom tasks targeting lexical phrases. Moreover, it investigated such accounts for learning opportunities. Students relied mainly on lin...