Lake Vanda is a perennially ice-covered, closed-basin lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Laminated photosynthetic microbial mats cover the floor of the lake from below the ice cover to >40 m depth. In recent decades, the water level of Lake Vanda has been rising, creating a "natural experiment" on development of mat communities on newly flooded substrates and the response of deeper ma...

Abstract: This paper presents the methodology and procedure for flood risk assessment using GIS and flood inundation model (FIM) based on the “micro-zonation concept” in which an entire floodplain considered is divided into numerous unit areas (meshes or grids). In this study, Shinkawa-river floodplain around Nagoya City of Aichi Prefecture in Japan an urbanized lowland area, which was greatly ...

Methods Lethal temperatures for M. californianus were determined using temperature-controlled chambers in which both the magnitude and duration of exposure were manipulated. Field surveys of the shore level and solar exposure of upper zonation limits of mussel beds were conducted at 15 sites. Measurements from the lethal temperature studies and field surveys were used with a biophysical model o...

The liver maintains important homeostatic functions such as metabolism and detoxification. Failure to remove toxic intermediates can cause hepatic damage, fibrosis, even cancer development. This review focuses on acetaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), a group of key enzymes within the ALDH superfamily with ability convert highly reactive aldehyde substrates corresponding carboxylic acids in NAD(P...

conflagration of forests and rangelands is one of the most frequent events in iran. it is regarded as one of the most important parts of land degradation that occurred due to range destruction and desertification. this study was conducted in boroujerd, lorestan province in west of iran in 2013 to determine the fire risk model. the data prepared for the study area involved the vegetation types, ...

The river reach is a pervasive term within contemporary river research and applications. Yet, despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of consistency in its definition. This paper identifies the prevalence of two broad types of reach definition within the academic literature: operational, and functional, and argues that a functional definition is more suitable for applications within riv...

Even though fewer people die as a result of fire than other natural disasters, such as earthquake, flood, landslide, etc., the average loss of property due to fire is high. Kathmandu Metropolitan City is becoming more vulnerable to fire due to haphazard urbanization and increase in population. To control problems due to fire, systematic studies are necessary, including fire potential mapping an...

Preliminary palaeomagnetic data are presented for the AND-1B drill core. A total of 1309 samples were collected from the drill core immediately following recovery and splitting. Natural remanent magnetisation (NRM) and bulk magnetic susceptibility data were determined for all samples using a Molspin spinner magnetometer and Bartington Instruments susceptibility bridge, respectively, immediately...