We propose a practical way to overcome the ubiquitous problem of the overestimation of the zero-bias and zero-temperature conductance, which is associated with the use of local approximations to the exchange-correlation functional in density-functional theory when applied to quantum transport. This is done through partial substitution of the local exchange term in the functional by the nonlocal...

A simple exact-exchange density-functional method for a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas with variable density is presented. An analytical expression for the exact-exchange potential with only one occupied subband is provided, without approximations. When more subbands are occupied the exact-exchange potential is obtained numerically. The theory shows that, in contradiction with LDA, the exac...

In this paper, we establish the notion of divertibility as a protocol property as opposed to the existing notion as a language property (see Okamoto, Ohta [OO90]). We give a definition of protocol divertibility that applies to arbitrary 2-party protocols and is compatible with Okamoto and Ohta’s definition in the case of interactive zero-knowledge proofs. Other important examples falling under ...

monthly and annual water and phosphorus mass budgets were set up over the year 2010 for thelake rio verde, brazil. limited data for the water budget was compensated using an interpolation methodwith data water budget data of a nearby reservoir. thus, errors of ca. 1.5% were estimated for the waterbudgets. dominant p mass input terms were inflows from the rivers and direct run off into the reser...

The prospects for large scale commercialisation of sea-bedmounted offshore windfarms are currently excellent, with the existing small-scale prototype windfarms currently being joined by the first large-scale parks in the shallow seas off the Danish, German, Swedish, Dutch, Belgian, British and Irish coasts. However other countries, including Japan, have much more limited regions of the shallow ...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org B invasions, a major and increasing agent of global biodiversity change, are often the result of inadvertent releases from trade and travel pathways (Levine et al. 2003; Ruiz and Carlton 2003; Drake and Lodge 2004). Empirical and theoretical evidence indicate that invasion risk can be decreased by reducing propagule pressure, specif...

this study was conducted to quantify germination response of annual savory (satureja hortensis l.) to temperature and water potential. for this purpose, seeds were exposed to different temperature (12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 40°c) and water potential (zero, -0.1, -0.3, -0.5 and -0.7 mpa) treatments in seed research lab., gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources in 20...

Water is essential for life. Specifically in the oases of inland arid basins, water is a critically limited resource, essential for the development of the socio-economy and the sustainability of eco-environmental systems. Due to the unique hydrological regime present in arid oases, a moderate groundwater table is the goal of sustainable water management. A shallow water table induces serious se...

The exchange of water hydroxyl hydrogen bonds between anions and water oxygens is observed directly with ultrafast 2D IR vibrational echo chemical exchange spectroscopy (CES). The OD hydroxyl stretch of dilute HOD in H(2)O in concentrated (5.5 M) aqueous solutions of sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF(4)) displays a spectrum with a broad water-like band (hydroxyl bound to water oxygen) and a resolv...