Ethanol emitted by stressed trees is an olfactory cue used ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) to locate susceptible hosts colonize. In addition, ethanol enhances the growth of beetle fungal symbionts, improving colonization. Whether host selection and colonization are affected also amount produced tree species unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we induced attacks in...

Detached stemflow has been defined as rainwater that breaks away from the and falls around trees throughfall. Quantitative measurements of detached were taken for two sample broadleaf on university campus. Zelkova, with smooth bark, a tree structure concentrates rainwater, producing large amount stemflow. A collection system installed trunk can capture amounts throughfall The had almost doubled...

Forest health and multifunctionality are threatened by global challenges such as climate change. is currently assessed within the pan-European ICP Forests (International Co-operative Programme on Assessment Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects Forests) programme through evaluation tree crown conditions (defoliation). This paper analyses results a 24-year assessment carried out in Italy 253 perma...