BACKGROUND The present study aimed to demonstrate the seasonal activities of Ixodes ricinus at the pasture level and on the host. METHODS A vast pasture in Amol countryside (Mazandaran Province, Iran) which had the potential for a considerable number of cattle and sheep to graze was chosen. Tick sampling from the skin of 130 cattle and 130 sheep were collected every month interval. Simultaneo...

Background: The negative impact of being underweight, overweight and obesity on health can increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and disability among youth. Self- care has an important role in managing the lifestyle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between underweight, overweight and obesity with the self-care history in youth. Methods: This study was perf...

We adapted competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for quantitative evaluation of c-erbB-2 expression in breast cancer. A fixed amount of cDNA target was coamplified with dilutions of a nonhomologous DNA sequence used as an internal standard (IS). The IS and the target shared the same primer sequences but yielded PCR products of different sizes (348 and 340 bp, resp...

Sulpiride and tiapride are often used in the treatment of depression, schizophrenia and psychopathology of senescence, gastric or duodenal ulcers and are also partly excreted by kidney. This work developed a simple and sensitive method for their simultaneous monitoring in human urine based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection by end-column mode. beta-Cycl...

The sites of action of angiotensin II along the nephron are not well defined and both proximal and distal effects are suggested. Using a microassay that permits measurement ofhormone binding in discrete tubule segments, we determined the binding sites of '25I-angiotensin II along the nephron of Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific binding in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (at 250C, pH 7.4) was linea...

We describe a new mode of optical lithography called absorbance-modulation optical lithography (AMOL) in which a thin film of photochromic material is placed on top of a conventional photoresist and illuminated simultaneously by a focal spot of wavelength lambda1 and a ring-shaped illumination of wavelength lambda2. The lambda1 radiation converts the photochromic material from an opaque to a tr...

The dynamic range of protein expression in complex organisms coupled with the stochastic nature of discovery-driven tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis continues to impede comprehensive sequence analysis and often provides only limited information for low-abundance proteins. High-performance fractionation of proteins or peptides prior to mass spectrometry analysis can mitigate these effec...

BACKGROUND The emergence of microfluidic immunosensors has provided a promising tool for improving clinical diagnoses. We developed an electrochemical immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP), based on microfluidic chips. METHODS The quantitative methodology was based on ELISA in poly(dimethylsiloxane)-gold nanoparticle composite mic...

 Korea’s youth unemployment problem has continued to worsen since 2004. According to an E24, J64, an analysis of raw data from Statistics Korea’s Economically Active Population Survey and Supplementary Results of the Economically Active Population Survey on Youths to confirm whether youth unemployment affects all youths, more youths were delaying graduation or taking leaves of absence due t...