Aquatic pollution has led to the accumulation of various xenobiotics in crustaceans. A number of these environmental chemicals have been found to interfere with molting of crustaceans. Results of initial mechanistic studies with Uca pugilator suggest that the disruption of molting results from the disturbance to the Y-organ-ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) axis by xenobiotics. Such disturbance to the...

The mammary gland of laboratory rodents is an important organ for the evaluation of effects of xenobiotics, especially those that perturb hormonal homeostasis or are potentially carcinogenic. Mammary gland cancer is a leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide and is a subject of major research efforts utilizing rodent models. Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral glands are standard ...

Xenobiotics are defined as foreign compounds which are absorbed either intentionally or accidentally by animals or plants, and which lead to some physiological modifications. Thus, this term concerns a very wide range of chemical compound classes, including e.g. drugs, food additives, environmental contaminants or pesticides, each of which often requires the development of specific analytical s...

As the number of prescribed drugs is constantly rising, drug-drug interactions are an important issue. The simultaneous administration of several drugs can cause severe adverse effects based on interactions with the same metabolizing enzyme(s). The Transformer database (http://bioinformatics.charite.de/transformer) contains integrated information on the three phases of biotransformation (modifi...

Many aspects of physiology and behavior in organisms from bacteria to man are subjected to circadian regulation. Indeed, the major function of the circadian clock consists in the adaptation of physiology to daily environmental change and the accompanying stresses such as exposition to UV-light and food-contained toxic compounds. In this way, most aspects of xenobiotic detoxification are subject...

The alternatives to whole-animal testing include endpoint assays, cell and tissue cultures, use of tissue slices, toxicokinetic modelling, and structure-activity relationships and databases. The use of in vitro systems (subcellular fractions, cell lines, primary cell cultures, tissue slices, organ cultures, etc.) as research tools in toxicology is widespread. In the past few years, the apoptosi...

Background: Human exposure to xenobiotics, especially priority heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and chromium), is unavoidable because of their involvement in industrial applications, accumulation the environment over time non-biodegradability. Unfortunately, they induce unprecedented biochemical pathological changes on those exposed them, causing oxidative damages ...

The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order fulfil that aim, biomonitorization human compulsory. However, these are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic biofluids such as milk, most works only focused certain ana...