In order to deal with the problem of quantitative and consistent evaluation of two-dimensional X-ray detectors at synchrotron beamlines, the methodology for X-ray area detector characterization is reviewed. It is based on the definition of a minimum yet complete set of imaging parameters able to describe any kind of two-dimensional detector regardless of its operating range, field of applicatio...

A new design for implementation of x-ray diffraction experiments is proposed. The exploitation of the imaging plate technique opens new possibilities to carry out diffraction experiments. The detector chamber in Debye–Scherrer geometry equipped with an image plate takes advantage of this technology such as high resolution, high sensitivity, linearity in intensity, and linearity over the detecto...

A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1,000,000), very short read out time (< 3.0 msec), no readout noise, and very high counti...

Solid state nuclear track detectors are commonly used for measurements of concentrations of radon gas and/or radon progeny. All these measurements depend critically on the thickness of the removed layer during etching. However, the thickness of removed layer calculated using the etching period does not necessarily provide a su7ciently accurate measure of the thickness. For example, the bulk etc...

A complete calibration method to characterize a static planar two-dimensional detector for use in X-ray diffraction at an arbitrary wavelength is described. This method is based upon geometry describing the point of intersection between a cone's axis and its elliptical conic section. This point of intersection is neither the ellipse centre nor one of the ellipse focal points, but some other poi...

Preliminary results of the strong interaction shift and width in pionic hydrogen (πH) using an X-ray spectrometer with spherically bent crystals and CCDs as X-ray detector are presented. In the experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute three different (np → 1s) transitions in πH were measured. Moreover the pion mass measurement using the (5 → 4) transitions in pionic nitrogen and muonic oxygen ...

Dynamic, flat-panel, solid-state, x-ray image detectors for use in digital fluoroscopy and fluorography emerged at the turn of the millennium. This new generation of dynamic detectors utilize a thin layer of x-ray absorptive material superimposed upon an electronic active matrix array fabricated in a film of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). Dynamic solid-state detectors come in two basi...

The performance of hybrid GaAs pixel detectors as X-ray imaging sensors were investigated at room temperature. These hybrids consist of 300 μm thick GaAs pixel detectors, flip-chip bonded to a CMOS Single Photon Counting Chip (PCC). This chip consists of a matrix of 64 x 64 identical square pixels (170 μm x 170 μm) and covers a total area of 1.2 cm. The electronics in each cell comprises a prea...