Charitable giving has increasingly become ‘tough love’ it has come to require recipients to undertake costly prior action. A common justification is that of greater efficiency: willingness to undertake costly actions signals greater productivity from transfers. However, there is a trade-off. Conditions impose a cost, since the activities required are by themselves welfare reducing for at least ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are chronic progressive inflammatory diseases, leading to joint damage and reducing the physical fitness of patients. They are among the most common rheumatic diseases. However, their etiology and symptomatology are different. Formerly, AS was often wrongly diagnosed as RA. Today there are no major diagnostic difficulties in differentiat...

Unfortunately, in the published paper entitled "Comprehensive profiling of functional attributes, virulence potential and evolutionary dynamics mycobacterial secretomes" authored by Ayan Roy, Arnab Sen, Sourav Chakraborty Indrani Sarkar, surname was inadvertently wrongly written as Chakrobarty original publication article. Name has been corrected correction We have also included ORCID ID.

When worked out the treatment of Artemisia for Flora Iranica, in several cases no good, determinable material was available, especially from outside of Afghanistan, namely, Iran and the neighbouring Middle Asian regions. This was especially a problem for species of the homogamous group Serephidium. During the work on very rich new material of this group from Iran, collected by V. Mozaffarian (T...

AUTISM AND DYSLEXIA ARE WRONGLY CLASSIFIED AS CHILDHOOD DISORDERS: They are lifelong and therefore have to be studied in adults as well as in children. Individual variability is enormous, and, as a result, behavioral diagnosis remains problematic. The study of the underlying cognitive abilities in autism and dyslexia has acted as a gateway for the emergence of developmental cognitive neuroscience.

Transcranial Doppler sonography shows potential as a noninvasive technique for long-term follow-up of treated intracranial saccular aneurysms. This technical note describes a color Doppler artifact related to microcoil architecture that might represent a potential pitfall in transcranial Doppler sonographic evaluation of aneurysmal cavity thrombosis, since it may be wrongly interpreted as resid...

We report a case of giant hydronephrosis that was wrongly diagnosed as an ovarian cyst and explored in a pregnant woman. Giant hydronephrosis are uncommon and need to be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis while making a clinical diagnosis.

In recent years, several approaches to the analysis of automation systems dependability through the application of formal verification techniques have been proposed. Much of the research has been concerned with the modelling languages used, and how best to express the automation systems, so that automated verification might be possible. Less attention, however, has been devoted to the process o...