Earlier work by Waugh (2010) suggests that asymmetric market access costs across exporting countries are a major reason for differences in real per-capita income around the globe: 25% − 50% (depending on the measure) of world income inequality could be explained by cross-country trade cost asymmetries alone. We show that these results were driven by what we call model under-specification, an il...

The World Distribution of Income and Income Inequality This review covers a range of measures and methods frequently employed in empirical analysis of global income inequality and global income distribution. Different determinant factors along with quantification of their impacts and empirical results from different case studies are presented. These results are further contrasted to those obtai...

This paper examines the extent to which the process of globalization can explain the observed widening in the cross–country distribution of output–per–worker. On the theoretical front the model highlights why, when the labor market is subject to a holdup problem, the opening up of trade will cause an increase in the dispersion of income across countries similar to that observed in the data. The...

This paper studies the implications for the long-run world income distribution (WID) of two possible knowledge spillovers structures: appropriate technology and backward knowledge spillovers. In an appropriate technology framework, where total factor intensity is an index of the technological level of an economy, countries will grab useful knowledge only from their technological neighborhood, t...

Although information about the precise world distribution and frequency of the inherited hemoglobin disorders is still limited, there is no doubt that they are going to pose an increasing burden on global health resources in the future. Their high frequency is a reflection of natural selection combined with a high frequency of consanguineous marriages in many countries, together with an epidemi...

Ninety-eight percent of 51 polled medical editors felt that published research articles should be available to the public on the World Wide Web at no charge, after a mean time from publication of 1.4 years for viewing and 1.9 years for printing. Public libraries or other government institutions could be allowed to assume the responsibility of housing and distributing the electronically stored a...

The etiological agents of human trichinellosis show virtually worldwide distribution in domestic and/or wild animals, with the exception of Antarctica, where the presence of the parasite has not been reported. This global distribution of Trichinella and varying cultural eating habits represent the main factors favouring human infections in industrialised and non-industrialised countries. Human ...

The CGG trinucleotide repeat within the FMR1 gene is associated with multiple clinical disorders, including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency, and fragile X syndrome. Differences in the distribution and prevalence of CGG repeat length and of AGG interruption patterns have been reported among different populations and ethnicities. In ...

This paper presents an Object Distribution System (ODS), a distributed system inspired by the ultra-large scale distribution models used in everyday life (e.g. food or newspapers distribution chains). Beyond traditional mechanisms of approaching information to readers (e.g. caching and mirroring), this system enables the publication, classification and subscription to volumes of objects (e.g. d...

Two genera of lice parasitize humans: Pthirus and Pediculus. The latter is of significant public health importance and comprises two ecotypes: the body louse and the head louse. These ecotypes are morphologically and genetically notably similar; the body louse is responsible for three infectious diseases: Louse-borne epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. Mitochondrial DNA studies ...