Noise impacts resources and visitor experience in many protected natural areas, and visitors can be the dominant source of noise. This experimental study tested the efficacy and acceptability of signs asking visitors to be quiet at Muir Woods National Monument, California. Signs declaring a "quiet zone" (at the park's Cathedral Grove) or a "quiet day" (throughout the park) were posted on a rand...

Forest and harvested wood products (HWP) carbon (C) stocks between 2001 and 2100 for Ontario’s managed forests were projected using FORCARB-ON, an adaptation of the U.S. national forest C budget model known as FORCARB2. A fire disturbance module was introduced to FORCARB-ON to simulate the effects of wildfire on C, and some of themodel’s C pools were re-parameterized using data fromCanadian for...

Douglas-fir is the most commercially important timber species in the US Pacific Northwest due to its ecological prevalence and its superior wood attributes, especially strength and stiffness properties that make it highly prized for structural applications. Its economic significance has led to extensive establishment and management of plantations over the last few decades. Cultural treatments a...

Amajor objective of professional sport is to find out which player or team is the best. Unfortunately the structure of some sports means that this is often a difficult question to answer. For example, there may be too many competitors to run a round-robin league, whilst knock-out tournaments do not compare every player with every other player. The problem gets worse when one has to compare play...

We show that for any free Araki-Woods factor M = Γ(HR, Ut) ′′ of type III1, the bicentralizer of the free quasi-free state φU is trivial. Using Haagerup’s Theorem, it follows that there always exists a faithful normal state ψ on M such that (M) ∩M = C.

Article history: Received 25 August 2008 Received in revised form 17 October 2008 Accepted 21 October 2008 Available online 17 November 2008