background and aims. in periapical radiographic technique, the changes will be visible only after considerable deposition or resorption while digital subtraction technique visualizes slight density changes. this study was aimed to compare visualization of density changes in conventional periapical radiographs and digital subtraction technique with or without image enhancement. materials and met...

In mouse, the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry requires intracellular calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) enrichment on the left of the node. The use of Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry by other vertebrates, and its origins and relationship to other laterality effectors are largely unknown. Additionally, the architecture of Hensen's node raises doubts as to whether Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry is a broadly conserved mecha...

In this paper successive interference cancellation (SIC) based on optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) systems has been investigated. SIC scheme refers to a family of low complexity multi-user detection (MUD) methods for direct sequence CDMA systems. Performance of optical CDMA system is influenced by multiple access interference (MAI) resulted from the overlapping between the users. ...

Introduction The human body is home to a complex microbial ecosystem. The gastrointestinal tract houses the most numerous microbial community (the gut microbiota), consisting of approximately 1013 microbial cells (1). Collectively, the aggregate genomes of the gut microbiota encode more than 100 times as many unique genes as the approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes found in the human genom...

New learning often interferes with the production of older, previously learned responses. However, the original responses usually appear to spontaneously recover and regain their dominance after a delay. This article takes a new approach to questions of interference and recovery by examining performance on immediate and delayed tests using direct or indirect instructions. Direct instructions as...