Exceptions are an indispensable part of modern programming languages. They are, however, handled poorly, especially by higherorder languages such as Standard ML and Haskell: in both languages a well-typed program can unexpectedly fail due to an uncaught exception. In this paper, we propose a technique for type-safe exception handling. Our approach relies on representing exceptions as sums and a...

Exception systems have become popular because they uncouple error detection and handling thus allowing us to produce better software. However, the exception handling systems of many object-oriented languages benefit very little from object-oriented programming. The catch clauses following a try block are isolated pieces of code: they do not belong to classes and cannot be reused. This paper pre...

The primary goal of exception mechanisms is to help ensure that when an operation fails, code that depends on the operation’s successful completion is not executed (a property we call dependency safety). However, the exception mechanisms of current mainstream programming languages make it hard to achieve dependency safety, in particular when objects manipulated inside a try block outlive the tr...

objective: environmental psychology as a science could be useful in understanding the dissociation between the man and the environment. the aim of this study was to compare mental health, job satisfaction and well-being of nurses who work in hospital environments with different designs. material: this was a quasi-experimental study, in which 250 nurses filled out the mental health, well-being a...

Frederick P. Roth* and John Wakeley *Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada, †Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada, ‡Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada, and §Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,...

Beginning programmers often have difficulty interpreting exceptions and using the associated messages to pinpoint the cause of incorrect program behavior. When an interactive development environment (IDE) presents a novice developer with a runtime time exception, it generally provides with a stack trace and a limited, cryptic exception message that is hard for a beginner to interpret. This pape...

| Constructs for expressing exception handling can greatly help to avoid clutter in code by allowing the programmer to separate the code to handle unusual situations from the code for the normal case. Handling exceptions in functional languages has received less attention mainly due to the inherent connict between the control ow oriented approach of exception handlers and the functional style o...

This paper presents a set of concepts and design techniques that has proven successful in implementing and using C++ libraries intended for applications that simultaneously require high reliability and high performance. The notion of exception safety is based on the basic guarantee that maintains basic invariants and avoids resource leaks and the strong guarantee that ensures that a failed oper...

We propose a new algebraic framework for exception handling which is powerful enough to cope with many exception handling features such that recovery, implicit propagation of exceptions, etc. This formalism is capable of treating all the exceptional cases, including the following ones: “intrinsic” exceptions which are related to the underlying data structure (for instance, popping an emptstack ...

Writing ambient-oriented software for mobile devices connected through wireless network connections provides a new challenge in the field of exception handling. It involves dealing with issues such as asynchronous communication, moving hardware and software, only to name a few. Building on an analysis of the fundamental differences between mobile networks and their stationary counterparts, this...