Abstract In a temporal context, sure outcomes may yield higher utility than risky ones as they are available for the execution of plans before resolution uncertainty. By observing disproportionate preference certainty, empirical research points to fundamental difference between riskless and utility. Chance Theory (CT) accounts this and, in contrast earlier approaches separate utility, does not ...

Purpose This paper examines the conditions under which ancient peoples might have developed a concept of “sustainability,” and concludes that long-term resource management practices would not have been articulated prior to the development of the first cities starting c. 6,000 years ago. Methodology/approach Using biological concepts of population density and niche-construction theory, cities ar...

This article assesses the socioeconomic effects of solar microgrids. The lack of access to electricity is a major obstacle to the socioeconomic development of more than a billion people. Off-grid solar technologies hold potential as an affordable and clean solution to satisfy basic electricity needs. We conducted a randomized field experiment in India to estimate the causal effect of off-grid s...

(1 + ) [1396]. (2) [1898]. (H,C,K) [901]. (p) [1898]. (t, n) [194]. (Z3; +) [1010]. + [1614]. 0− 1 [1281]. 0.863 [503]. 0/1 [269]. 1 [1484, 499, 729, 993]. 1.5 [1003]. 2 [499, 1853, 918, 1141, 993, 426, 1493]. 3 [456, 2504, 458, 906, 1456, 2557, 334, 703, 2618, 920, 811, 504, 2494, 808, 1289, 845, 355, 2547, 348, 835, 740, 1182]. 3/2 [499]. 3 [196]. 4 [1731, 920]. 6 [1731]. 3 [742]. K [2293]. ◦...

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of omega-substituted biphenylthiolates (omega-MBP) on gold were characterized by spectral ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (VSFG). The vibrational studies of the SAMs were supported by an ab initio frequency analysis at HF/6-31G and BP8...