In a single glass of champagne about a million bubbles nucleate on the wall and rise towards the surface. When these bubbles reach the surface and rupture, they project a multitude of tiny droplets in the form of a particular aerosol holding a concentrate of wine aromas. Based on the model experiment of a single bubble bursting in idealized champagnes, the key features of the champagne aerosol ...

A 3-month-old girl presented with generalized marbling of the skin (cutis marmorata) and a striking port wine stain on philtrum present since birth (Figures 1 2). bilateral sandal gap between great second toes (Figure 3), macrodactyly left toe, overgrowth both feet, hands, her right leg as well joint hypermobility were noted. Upon physical neurologic examination, including measurement head circ...

Prophylactic treatment of haemophilia has been gaining acceptance as the optimal therapeutic option in an increasing number of haemophilia centres in the developed world in recent years. This paper focus on three aspects of prophylactic therapy: when to start treatment, venous access and the dose/dose interval. Evidence is in favour of prophylactic treatment to be started at an early age using ...

The combination of cryogen spray cooling (CSC) and laser irradiation has proven to be a viable solution to treat various dermatologic vascular disorders, such as port wine stain birthmarks (PWS). PWS patients are treated with laser pulses that induce permanent thermal damage to the target blood vessels. However, absorption of laser energy by melanin causes localized heating of the epidermis, wh...