We construct and investigate robust nonparametric tests for the twosample location problem. A test based on a suitable scaling of the median of the set of differences between the two samples, which is the Hodges-Lehmann shift estimator corresponding to the Wilcoxon two-sample rank test, leads to higher robustness against outliers than the Wilcoxon test itself, while preserving its efficiency un...

The population bioequivalence of two measurements is considered via diierentiable statistical functionals. This approach leads to eecient nonparame-tric bioequivalence tests given by the canonical gradient of the functional. The results are based on an asymptotic comparison of nonparametric power functions of rank tests. The bioequivalence regions are determined by implicit alternatives speciie...

BACKGROUND Acoustic analysis had been well incorporated into clinical evaluation and management of children with speech disorders for many years. The aim of this study is to investigate developmental changes in vowel production in Mandarin-speaking children using acoustic study analysis. METHODS A total of 22 children from 5-12 years old were analyzed in this study. Each child read a list of ...

INTRODUCTION 'Decompression stress' is commonly evaluated by scoring circulating bubble numbers post dive using Doppler or cardiac echography. This information may be used to develop safer decompression algorithms, assuming that the lower the numbers of venous gas emboli (VGE) observed post dive, the lower the statistical risk of decompression sickness (DCS). Current echocardiographic evaluatio...

BACKGROUND Despite proven efficacy of the prevention mother-to-child transmission of HIV strategy, its adoption in Africa has remained slow. In Kenya, its effectiveness remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in Kenya. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2,642 records of HIV-exposed inf...

In order to improve the global search performance of Komodo Mlipir Algorithm, this paper proposed two adaptive Algorithms with variable fixed parameters (IKMA-1; IKMA-2). Among them, IKMA-1 adaptively controls parthenogenesis radius female dragons achieve more efficient conversion and local search. Second, IKMA-2 introduces weighting factors “mlipir” movement formula performance. ...

We introduce a family of multiscale, orientation-selective, non-parametric features (“ranklets”) modelled on Haar wavelets. We clarify their relation to the Wilcoxon ranksum test and the rank transform and provide an efficient scheme for computation based on the Mann-Whitney statistics. Finally, we show that ranklets outperform other rank features, Haar wavelets, SNoW and linear SVMs (based on ...

The two-sample Wilcoxon test has been widely used in a broad range of scientific research, including economics, due to its good efficiency, robustness against parametric distributional assumptions, and the simplicity with which it can be performed. While the two-sample Wilcoxon test, by virtue of being both a rank and hence a permutation test, controls the exact probability of a Type 1 error un...

We previously reported a novel association between CDKN2A nonpromoter methylation and transcription (ARF/INK4a) in human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal tumors. In this study we assessed whether nonpromoter CDKN2A methylation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LXSCC) conferred a similar association with transcription that predicted patient outcome. We compared DNA methylation and AR...

It is well known that the two-sample Student t test fails to maintain its significance level when the variances of treatment groups are unequal, and, at the same time, sample sizes are unequal. However, introductory textbooks in psychology and education often maintain that the test is robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are equal. The present study discloses that, for a wide vari...