Decisions about pesticide application for pest control is an issue of major concern, but research on factors affecting decision making is limited. This study investigates jointness in farmers’ decision to apply pesticides in multiple crops and socio-economic determinants of pesticide use across crops using a survey of 2083 farms from 17 districts in Bangladesh applying a multivariate Tobit mode...

ii CIMMYT (www.cimmyt.mx or www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Headquartered in Mexico, the Center works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16 similar centers supp...

We demonstrate that the agrarian unrest in the United States between 1870 and 1900 can be given an economic explanation, despite its association with increases in the real price of agricultural produce. It was not merely the result of nominal illusions as other scholars have suggested. Falling transportation costs allowed for the extension of the frontier and for more farmers to enter the inter...

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and excessive application rates can decrease crop yield and increase N loss into the environment. Field experiments were carried out to understand the effects of N fertilizers on N utilization, crop yield and net income in wheat and maize rotation system of the North China Plain (NCP). Compared to farmers' N rate (FN), the yield of whe...

In Europe, the framework for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production was subject to considerable changes and for the future it is expected that sugar beet cultivation might concentrate around the sugar factories for economic reasons. Based on data from a national sugar beet farmers' survey and multi-year crop rotation trials, the effects of cropping interval (number of years in between two sub...

Wheat is the second most important carbohydrate staple in Kenya and produced by both smallholder large-scale farmers. Smallholders are majority, but produce <20% of total national production. Compared to farmers, they have been considered be less efficient producers thus fail benefit fully from their participation wheat value chain. This study aims at establishing accruing farmers partic...

Late maturity a-amylase (LMA) is a genetic defect that is commonly found in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and can result in commercially unacceptably high levels of a-amylase in harvest-ripe grain in the absence of rain or preharvest sprouting. This defect represents a serious problem for wheat farmers, and apart from the circumstantial evidence that gibberellins are somehow involve...

Canada ranks sixth in the world in wheat production with 27 million tonnes per year. (Canadian farmers also produce 22 million tonnes of other grain crops such as barley, corn, oats and rye.) Canada is the world’s second largest exporter of wheat with 70% of its production exported annually. The herbicide era began in the 1940s with the introduction of 2,4-D, a phenoxy herbicide that was adopte...

To meet the growing demands under the constrains of depleting natural resources, environmental fluctuation and increased risk of epidemic outbreak, the task of increasing wheat production has become daunting. The euphoria generated by first green revolution is very quickly subsiding and the second generation problems are becoming more intense with each passing year. The factors responsible for ...

Introduction: Wild oat has become an invasive and economically important weedy species in most cereal growing areas of the world, including the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. Approximately 79% of the wheat and 72% of barley acres seeded in northwestern Minnesota are infested with wild oat. In the past, wild oat has been effectively controlled with herbicides, and as a result li...