a better understanding of rangeland vegetation cover and its variation in different years basedon wetness and droughtiness fluctuations is a great importance. economical priority setting ofrangelands is based on variations in rainfall and drought patterns, because it yields to bettercharacterization of vegetative cover. yet a comprehensive and continuous monitoring ofvegetative cover of rangela...

A novel method for real-time and inline wetness measurement based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is presented in this paper. The Kretschmann geometry is adopted to excite surface plasmon waves in our measurement system. In order to prevent water coating, an ultrathin layer of hydrophobic coating is formed on the surface of Au layer. The experimental results show that the level of steam wetn...

Various hydrological models have been developed for estimating root zone soil moisture dynamics. These models, however, incorporated their own parameterization approaches indicating that the output from the different model inherent structures might include uncertainties because we do not know which model structure is correct for describing the real system. More recently, multimodel approaches u...

Citric acid, one of the representative chelate compounds, has been widely used as an additive to achieve highly dispersed metal-supported catalysts. This study aimed investigate effect citric acid concentration on preparation Ni catalysts mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for dry reforming methane. A series Ni/SBA-15 with were prepared using acid-assisted incipient wetness impregnation method, and cat...

Currently, the discharge of wastewater and utilization phosphorus (P) in human activities cause some environmental problems, such as high organic pollutants aquatic environments which results dirty water sources, a shortage phosphate rock reserves due to demand P. Therefore, fuel energy struvite crystallization from waste sources can be considered interesting alternatives. In this work, modifie...

The Friedel-Crafts acylation of furan to produce 2-acyl by using acetic anhydride is industrially important but it uses highly polluting liquid acids as catalysts. In this study, supported modified heteropoly were used heterogeneous catalysts in a solventless green process. Metal exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) was loaded on three different supports, and its effect evaluated. 20% w...

The selective hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) platform molecule to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has attracted increasing attention due its broad range applications. However, HMF, with multiple functional groups, produces various byproducts, hindering use on an industrial scale. Herein, a bimetallic Pt-FeOx/AC catalyst low Pt and FeOx loadings for HMF DMF was prepared by incipient wet...

A laboratory assessment has been made of the performance and applicability of several different conductimetric wetness detectors for use in monitoring water distribution on different plant surfaces in a tree canopy. Leaf surfaces were monitored using parallel electrode clip sensors and grid sensors. Fruit and trunk wetness was monitored using parallel electrode sensors encircling fruit and trun...

Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia and Nematodirus worm populations of Angora goats, based on differential egg counts, are considered in relation to climatological and topographical data. Egg counts indicated that the estimated worm populations in goats that experienced wet circumstances were higher than those exposed to dry conditions. Wetness was assessed by relating spring, summer, and...