Over tting arises when model components are evaluated against the wrong reference distribution. Most modeling algorithms iteratively nd the best of several components and then test whether this component is good enough to add to the model. We show that for independently distributed random variables, the reference distribution for any one variable underestimates the reference distribution for th...

This note summarizes the information on the CNGS target design and and its operation conditions. The construction parameters and highlight information on the engineering studies performed at the design and construction phase are presented as a fast introduction to those interested. Last, in some critical areas like the thermal behavior of the target, calculations are included to adjust the esti...

The commentary by Savitz and Olshan (1) and the response by Thompson (2) form a fascinating contrast. Savitz and Olshan speak in the language of epidemiology, complaining about the seeming arbitrary and antiscientific dictates of conventional (frequentist) statistical methodology, particularly as it applies to the study of many associations. Thompson, speaking mainly in the language of statisti...

This article presents the event calculus, a logic-based formalism for representing actions and their effects. A circumscriptive solution to the frame problem is deployed which reduces to monotonic predicate completion. Using a number of benchmark examples from the literature, the formalism is shown to apply to a variety of domains, including those featuring actions with indirect effects, action...

Introduction Hematologic malignancies (HM) represent the most common neoplasms in childhood. Despite improved overall survival rates, they are still a major contributor to cancer death in children. Aims To determine the proportion of children with HM in pediatric palliative care (PPC) and to identify the clinical characteristics and symptoms in comparison to children with extracranial solid t...