During manual driving, most human drivers often use information about the speed and position of the preceding and following vehicles in order to adjust the position and speed of their vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to design an autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC) which mimics this human driving behavior. The proposed AICC law uses relative speed and spacing information from the...

The Frank-Starling relationship of the heart has, as its molecular basis, an increase in the activation of myofibrils by calcium as the sarcomere length increases. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may be due to myofilaments moving closer together at longer lengths, thereby enhancing the probability of favorable acto-myosin interaction, resulting in increased calcium sensitivity. Accor...

The spacing of streaks of low-speed fluid has been studied experimentally in a wall-bounded turbulent flow in which sinusoidal unsteadiness was superposed on an otherwise steady mainstream over a range of frequencies. The modulation of phase-conditioned streak spacing about its mean value does not follow the steady wall-flow relation of hu Av equal to a constant. Instead, it is quite accurately...

The impact of model horizontal grid spacing on meteorology and dust emissions in the Bodélé depression was investigated during the well-documented period of the Bodélé Dust Experiment 2005 (BoDEx 2005). Five horizontal grid spacing ranging from 100 km to 5 km were tested. The main conclusion of these sensitivity tests is that the meteorology of the Bodélé depression is quite insensitive to mode...

Three readback signal detection methods are inyestgated for real-time flying height or head disk spacing variation measurement under vibration conditions. This is carried out by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental study. The first method (amplitude detection) provides a simple way to study the head disk spacing change. The second method ( PW50 parameter estimation) can ...

To assess, from flight crew perspectives, the benefits and limits of a new spacing instruction, a pilot-in-the-loop experiment was conducted. Beyond assessing interface usability and overall feasibility, the experiment aimed at analysing the impact of various tolerance margins on flight crew activity. Flight crew feedback was generally positive. Despite a new task in the cockpit, which requires...

Behavioural studies have implicated both female choice of mates and male competition for access to mates as proximate mechanisms of sexual selection. Few studies have examined the interactions between these mechanisms in a natural setting. In this study, I explored how dominance interactions between male boat-tailed grackles, Quiscalus majordetermine the mating success of males and how the beha...

Under Council Directive 1999/74/EC, minimum space allowances per laying hen range from 550 cm(2) in unfurnished cages to 1111 cm(2) in alternative housing, and to 40,000 cm(2) outdoors for free-range hens. In official reports on the welfare of laying hens, there is recognition that knowledge of their space requirements is inadequate. This experiment studied expression of behaviour, including sp...