A universal wedge filter of 15W × 20 cm(2) and 60° nominal wedge angle is designed and placed between the collimating jaws and penumbra trimmers inside the treatment head. A pneumatically driven actuating mechanism toggles the wedge between the wedge IN position and wedge OUT position. The effective wedge angles were determined using an analytical formula. An accumulated wedge profile at a dept...

Microbial inoculants are environmentally sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-derived herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers in agriculture. We demonstrated the potential develop a commercializable Klebsiella variicola product with storage on-seed stability by encapsulating cross-linked alginate matrix (CLAM) powder spray drying. The microencapsulation drying (‘CLAM process’), an industri...

Steaks from USDA Select inside rounds (Exp. 1) and shoulder clods (Exp. 2) were used to test the interactive effect of cookery method and endpoint temperature on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and internal cooked color. Pairs of 2.5-cm-thick semimembranosus (SM) or infraspinatus (INF) steaks ( = 360/muscle) were cut from each subprimal, labeled, vacuum packaged, and frozen at -30°C in the d...

triphalangeal thumb is characterized by the interposition of an extra-phalanx between two normal ones. in this article the authors present the case of a 24-year-old man with bilateral triphalangeal thumb of opposable type, without any other associated anomaly or genetic syndrome. the patient had triangular delta extra-phalanxes that caused ulnar deviation of both thumbs. surgical procedure for ...

background: physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. however the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. the aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

BACKGROUND Theoretical considerations suggest that leg length increases after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and decreases after closing wedge HTO; however, in vivo studies have yielded conflicting results. This meta-analysis therefore assessed changes in leg length after opening wedge and closing wedge HTO. METHODS All studies comparing pre- and postoperative leg length in patient...

background: one of the main causes of induction of secondary cancer in radiation therapy is neutron contamination received by patients during treatment. objective: in the present study the impact of wedge and block on neutron contamination production is investigated. the evaluations are conducted for a 15 mv siemens primus linear accelerator.  methods: simulations were performed using mcnpx mon...

Background: The presence of a wedge filter in the beam trajectory can modify the beam quality and cause some changes in the dosimetry parameters which are usually difficult to be measured directly and accurately. Material and Methods: In this study the MCNP-4C Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the 9 MV photon beam generated by a linear accelerator. Upon getting a good agreement bet...

background: considering suggested formula in the references and pcwp measured by catheterism, in the present study the relation between pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (pcwp) measured the flow velocity of mitral valve and mitral annulus motion through tissue doppler imaging is evaluated methods: 52 cases of severe ms were admitted for balloon mitral valvolotomy (bmv) are included in this stu...