During the "ANA" cruise in November 1988, Western North Atlantic Water (WNAW) was found linked to the Azores Current (AC) at 23° W, where according to various authors Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW) forms a boundary with WNAW east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). This boundary changes position during the year. The vein of Mediterranean Water (MW) moving towards the MAR seems to be connected...

Not only does distilled water take away the irritability of Nitella but it also changes its behavior toward potassium. In normal cells potassium is strongly negative to sodium but after sufficient exposure to distilled water this effect disappears. It can be restored by returning the cells to their normal environment or to a suitable nutrient solution. This change in the protoplasm seems to be ...

A health impact evaluation was conducted in conjunction with the Imo State Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Nigeria. The project consisted of a package of water supply, sanitation, and health and hygiene education given by village-based workers. The evaluation was a quasi-experimental study covering pre-, peri- and post-intervention periods. Data were collected from 3 interventio...

We have examined the osmoregulatory capacities of laboratory populations of the insect Drosophila melanogaster by measuring hemolymph osmotic concentration during desiccation and upon recovery from a bout of desiccation. Recovery treatments entailed allowing the flies access to distilled water, a saline solution or a saline+sucrose solution after a desiccation bout shown to reduce hemolymph vol...

The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is a typical arid inland river basin in northwestern China. From the 1960s to the 1990s, the downstream flow in the HRB declined as a result of large, artificial changes in the distribution of water and land and a lack of effective water resource management. Consequently, the ecosystems of the lower reaches of the basin substantially deteriorated. To restore these de...

Sustainable development in Africa is dependent on increasing use of the continent's water resources without significantly degrading ecosystem services that are also fundamental to human wellbeing. This is particularly challenging in Africa because of high spatial and temporal variability in the availability of water resources and limited amounts of total water availability across expansive semi...

This paper describes the basics of photocatalysis on semiconductors, mainly on TiO2 and the application of photocatalytic processes to water purification from organic matter. The second chapter is devoted to metal cocatalysts introduced in order to improve the photocatalytic action of titania. Finally, a short review of more interesting practical applications of the processes is presented.

The main objective of a water distribution network (WDN) is to deliver the required amount of water to the customer under a certain threshold of the desired pressure and quality. These networks are critical infrastructures that should face multiple and continuous changes and even abnormal events that alter their normal service provision. Water utility managers require modelling tools to be able...

This is scheduled to be the closing talk of the Third Kovacs Colloquium on "Risk, Reliability, Uncertainty and Robustness in Water Resources Systems". In its final form, it will attempt to capture and summarize the lessons and conclusions to be derived from the lectures and discussions at the Colloquium. The emphasis in the final paper will be on the state of the art in the theory of risk and r...

the forefront of institutional reform in the water sector. It was also the first to significantly raise irrigation service fee on public irrigation systems. The Maharashtra State Water Policy of 2003 was a landmark of sorts. In 2005, the state passed two important pieces of legislation: one, Maharashtra Management of Irrigation Systems by Farmers (MMISF) Act, and two, Maharashtra Water Resource...