The measurement of electrolytic conductivity is widely applied as a control parameter and its relevance is continuously increasing, not only in industrial applications but also in the environmental monitoring domain. In this work the attention is focused on the electrical behaviour of a low cost in-situ four electrode conductivity sensor for water quality monitoring in estuaries and oceans. The...

Water losses associated with inefficiencies in the underground water distribution system are not only causing revenue losses for the local water boards but also significantly negatively affect a country’s national water reserves. Even though assisting in defining the problem and in devising remediation strategies for it, posterior analysis of the causes of such inefficiencies are far from being...

Soil erosion is a widespread problem causing the deterioration of both land and water resources. The water quality and quantity “Q and Q” connection is vital for sustainable water resources development and management. The prime objective of the research work is to quantify suspended sediment concentrations in surface waters by means of ALOS and ASTER satellite data. In this research work multis...

Groundwater aquifers as one of the main sources of water supplies are faced with different risks such as level dropping due to lack of precipitation, and natural and non-natural pollutants. Thus, it is extremely necessary to monitor ground water quality. In the present study, the concentration of cations, anions, and some toxic metals was evaluated in 21 rural water supplies in Qorveh plain in ...

Cumulative watershed effects (CWEs) result from multiple activities over time and space. The assessment of CWEs in the Sierra Nevada is severely limited by the lack of field data on the effects of a given action, the lack of models to predict the effects of multiple actions at the watershed scale, and the limited data relating stream channel conditions to measured or predicted changes in runoff...

We describe a method for using spatially referenced regressions of contaminant transport on watershed attributes (SPARROW) in regional water-quality assessment. The method is designed to reduce the problems of data interpretation caused by sparse sampling, network bias, and basin heterogeneity. The regression equation relates measured transport rates in streams to spatially referenced descripto...

Anti-cancer drugs are an important class of pharmaceutical products. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist used in high doses as antimetabolite in anti-cancer treatment as well as in low doses for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and adults' psoriasis. In the past, several anti-cancer drugs, including methotrexate, have been found in the environment. Their presence in water, especi...

The use of electromagnetic ~EM! induction measurements was evaluated to predict water content in the upper 1.50 m of a prototype engineered barrier soil profile designed for waste containment. Water content was monitored with a neutron probe, and bulk soil electrical conductivity was monitored with a Geonics EM38 ground conductivity meter at ten locations at approximately monthly intervals over...