With more than a billion people lacking accessible drinking water, there is a critical need to convert nonpotable sources such as seawater to water suitable for human use. However, energy requirements of desalination plants account for half their operating costs, so alternative, lower energy approaches are equally critical. Membrane distillation (MD) has shown potential due to its low operating...

In many arid and semi-arid regions whether or not to desalinate seawater has long been a non-issue and policy debates are focused on the timing and extent of the desalination activities. We analyze how water scarcity and demand structure, on the one hand, and cost reduction via R&D programs, on the other hand, affect the desirable development of desalination technologies and the time profiles o...

The present work represents a theoretical investigation of the performance of a solar air-heated desalination system using humidification-dehumidification (HDH) technique based on closed-water, open-air cycle under the geographical conditions of Dhahran (26.5°N, 50.2°E), Saudi Arabia. The HDH desalination system is suitable for small-scale decentralized fresh water production. It essentially co...

BACKGROUND As an appropriate tool, membrane process is used for desalination of brackish water, in the production of drinking water. The present study aims to investigate desalination processes of brackish water of Qom Province in Iran. METHODS This study was carried out at the central laboratory of Water and Wastewater Company of the studied area. To this aim, membrane processes, including n...

Salt crystallization is one of the most important reasons for the decay of historical objects. A well known example is the historical city of Venice in which there is a lot salt decay. Reducing salt contamination is important for conservation of old historic buildings. Therefore often desalination treatments are done. The desalination of non-movable objects, like buildings, is usually made thro...

Background & Aims of the Study:  Recently membranes have been widely used in Mena region especially Iran,  due to purify the brackish water and solved the water scarcity  .Qom province is located in desert like area of Iran and faced to water shortage .The aim of this study is evaluation of the best method of membrane process in the ground water wells of Qom province, Iran, in 2016. Materials ...

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) shows tremendous promise as an ultra-permeable membrane for water desalination thanks to its atomic thickness and precise sieving properties. However, a significant gap exists in the literature between the ideal conditions assumed for NPG desalination and the physical environment inherent to reverse osmosis (RO) systems. In particular, the water permeability of NPG has...

Membrane separation technology is widely explored for various applications, such as water desalination and wastewater treatment, which can alleviate the global issue of fresh water scarcity. Specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based composite membranes are increasingly of interest due to the combined merits of CNTs and membrane separation, offering enhanced membrane properties. This article f...

today, shortage of fresh water especially in arid and semi-arid regions has caused several difficulties.  whatever more than 70 percent of the earth is water, but also high salinity of water resources, caused serious restrictions for human to use these resources. therefore, desalination has attracted all attentions more than any time. between different water consumers in the country, agricultur...

Article history: Received 17 April 2016 Received in revised form 3 August 2016 Accepted 5 August 2016 Available online 15 August 2016 Water desalination continues to evolve exponentially in magnitude and importance to a currently mature stage that, like all large human endeavors, must be planned, designed and operated according to the quantitative holistic sustainability paradigm and criteria t...