background: about 21 millions premature and low birth weight (lbw) infants are born in the world every year where the majority of them are in the middle east countries. the literatures have shown that lbw infants and premature infants have a smaller chance to survive than the normal ones. this research carried out to determine the situation of catch up growth of lbw infants in comparison with n...

Disinfection of drinking water is regarded as one of the major public health achievements of the twentieth century, resulting in drastic reductions in diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. However, potentially hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs) can form when water treatment chemicals interact with other compounds in the water. In this issue of EHP, investigators assess the reproduc...

AIM To compare perinatal morbidity and mortality for babies delivered in water with rates for babies delivered conventionally (not in water). DESIGN Surveillance study (of all consultant paediatricians) and postal survey (of all NHS maternity units). SETTING British Isles (surveillance study); England and Wales (postal survey). SUBJECTS Babies born in the British Isles between April 1994 ...

BACKGROUND Atrazine and other corn herbicides are routinely detected in drinking water. Two studies on potential association of atrazine with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth prevalence found inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies did not control for individual-level potential confounders. OBJECTIVES Our retrospective cohort study evaluated whether atrazine in drinking...

A 4-day-old Holstein bull calf with considerable oedema of the belly (water belly) was referred to theVeterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University. The owner did notobserve any urination since birth. Rupture of the urethra was suspected. Perineal urethrotomy was performed. Subsequently, catheterization of urethra revealed the obstruction near the external...

We investigated whether maternal exposure during pregnancy to cow's milk containing endogenous estrogens and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and either high or low levels of isoflavones from dietary legumes (HIM and LIM, respectively) affected carcinogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given HIM, LIM, or tap water (control) from ges...

Preterm birth requires rapid adaptation from a liquid to a gaseous, low humidity environment. There are several ways in which this can be facilitated. The management of sodium and water balance is considered here.

We report the first case of neonatal Legionnaires' disease associated with water birth in a spa bath at home. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 was detected from postmortem lung tissue.

A study was conducted in a cohort of New Zealand births on the prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida in relation to various chemical elements in the drinking water. Cases were ascertained from national infant mortality and late fetal death records, and public hospital records and consisted of still and live births (of 28 or more weeks gestation) during 1978-1982 with anencephalus or spina...