OBJECTIVES This paper tried to review a recent research trend for the environmental exposure of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and its removal efficiency in the nanowaste treatment plants. METHODS The studies on the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of ENMs obtained by exposure modeling and treatment (or removal) efficiency in nanowaste treatment facilities, such as wastewater tre...

By the consideration of the microscopic picture of activated sludge samples it is possible to introduce a further biological parameter apart from the conventional physico-chemical parameters for the evaluation and control of biological stages of waste water treatment plants. It is reported that different parameters have certain influences on the activated sludge floc and on the developing bioze...

(Hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment process can significantly reduce waste volume and transform sludge into valuable products such as pyrochar and hydrochar. Given the global concern with phosphorus (P) resource depletion, P recycling/reclamation from or direct soil application of the derived chars can be potential P recycling practices. In order to evaluate P r...

Medical dissolution of gallstone is usually performed on radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder. However, absence of visible gallstone on plain abdominal x-ray does not always preclude calcification. This study aims to compare the response and dissolution rates between ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alone or in combination with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) according to stone density o...

most of the water treatment plants in iran discharge their sludge to the environment whithout consideration of possible side effects. since this kind of sludge is generally considered pollutant, the sludge treatment of water industry seems to be an essential task. obviously theweight and volume of solids produced during the coagulation process are much more than other wastes of water treatment ...

sanitary landfills, created for the disposal of solid waste, usually are developed into parks afterthey are closed. however, soil amelioration with organic matter is usually needed to restore fertility andpromote revegetation. sewage sludge creates a massive waste disposal problem. the use of composted sewage sludge (biosolid) as a soil conditioner might restore the soil fertility at landfill s...

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystic drainage (PTCCD) with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic lithotomy (PTCCSL) were performed in 53 patients with acute cholecystitis caused by gallbladder stones and studied stone removal rates, complications, endoscopic findings, and stone recurrence. The stones were successfully removed in 96% of the patients, and there were no serious complications...

In view of the well recognized need of reject water treatment in MWWTP (municipal wastewater treatment plant), this paper outlines two strategies for P removal from reject water using alum sludge, which is produced as by-product in drinking water treatment plant when aluminium sulphate is used for flocculating raw waters. One strategy is the use of the alum sludge in liquid form for co-conditio...

Nowadays, waste production is increased due to the growth of technology and excessive use of natural resources as well as production of new chemicals, among which the hazardous wastes are no exception of that stabilization and solidification method is one of the hazardous waste management methods through which the waste materials are stabilized and confined. High flexibility for various polluta...

Chemical and biological observations were made on sewage sludge in a simulated trenching system in the greenhouse. Limed and unlimed raw and digested sludges were placed in simulated trenches in soil profile boxes in which corn (Zea mays L.) was sown. During the 160-day growth period, roots penetrated entrenched digested sludge and root growth proliferated throughout the sludge. Root penetratio...