BACKGROUND PFPS is one of the most frequently occurring overuse injuries affecting the lower limbs. A variety of functional and self-reported outcome measures have been used to assess clinical outcomes of patients with PFPS, however, only the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) has been designed for PFPS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed international recommendations to perform a cross-cul...

The present study investigates strategies for translating word formation in Ulysses (1922) by James Joyce. also identifies the translation used an Arabic translator to render neologisms novel into target language. draws on Venuti model of translation. Applying translations formations will test their adequacy. Different new words resulting from process were selected data. findings show that thes...

The Arabic text can be translated into English using a variety of machine translation techniques. still poses number challenges in contemporary Arabic. To identify these that encounter while translating translation, systematic literature review (SLR) approach is used. SLR steps—protocol creation, first and final selection, quality assessment, data extraction synthesis—are Nineteen are reported ...

Abstract Background Functional mobility assessment (FMA) tool is a self-report questionnaire developed to measure users’ satisfaction with assistive devices while performing activities of daily living. Purpose To validate an Arabic translation the FMA for Arabic-speaking users. Methods A committee 2 bilingual qualified occupational therapists translated English version into which was verified b...

OBJECTIVE To generate an Arabic version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and to assess its reliability by applying it to a group of patients with vestibular disorders and control healthy subjects of Arabic origin. METHODS The Arabic version of the DHI was developed using the standard protocol for test translation. This pilot study was carried out between January 2009 and January 201...

a majority of books and writing translated from persian literature include persian proverbs among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. these books, as we know, are translated pieces of advice and wisdom from persian and are known as “books of advice”. this paper aims at showing that these books are among the basic principles of persian literature.  having studied historical and liter...