Transmission assessment surveys (TAS) for lymphatic filariasis have been proposed as a platform to assess the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) on soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). This study used computer simulation and field data from pre- and post-MDA settings across Kenya to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of the TAS design for STH assessment compared with alternativ...

Somatotropin (STH) administered to earth gravity birds (1 g) stimulated the mean growth in height of the articular cartilage layer of the distal tibial epiphyses (DTE) and of the resting and proliferating layers of the proximal epiphyses of os tarsometatarsus (PE-TMT). However, it inhibited growth in height of the calcified cartilage zone of both epiphyses. Hypergravity control animals (2 g) sh...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are widely distributed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and constitute a serious public health problem. As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), before launching mass chemotherapy to control these diseases, parasitological surveys were conducted in sentinel sites in six health zones (HZs) in Ban...

Erdős and Rényi proposed in 1960 a probabilistic model for sums of s integral sth powers. Their model leads almost surely to a positive density for sums of s pseudo sth powers, which does not reflect the case of sums of two squares. We refine their model by adding arithmetical considerations and show that our model is in accordance with a zero density for sums of two pseudo-squares and a positi...

BACKGROUND The lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia timori occurs only in eastern Indonesia where it causes high morbidity. The absence of an animal reservoir, the inefficient transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes and the high sensitivity to DEC/albendazole treatment make this species a prime candidate for elimination by mass drug administration (MDA). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated...

In recent years, an increased focus has been placed upon the possibility of the elimination of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) transmission using various interventions including mass drug administration. The primary diagnostic tool recommended by the WHO is the detection of STH eggs in stool using the Kato-Katz (KK) method. However, detecting infected individuals using this method becomes incre...

Silver halides have unique features in solid state physics because their properties are considered to be of borderline nature between ionic and covalent bonding. In AgCl, the self-trapped hole (STH) is centered and partly trapped in the cationic sublattice, forming an Ag(2+) ion inside of a (AgCl(6))(4-) complex as a result of the Jahn-Teller distortion. The STH in AgCl can capture an electron ...

BACKGROUND The combination of deworming and improved sanitation or hygiene may result in greater reductions in soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection than any single intervention on its own. We measured STH prevalence in rural Bangladesh and assessed potential interactions among deworming, hygienic latrines, and household finished floors. METHODOLOGY We conducted a cross-sectional survey (...

BACKGROUND National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) was conducted for the first time in all of the 77 districts of Benin (West Africa) from 2013 to 2015. This mapping aimed to provide basic epidemiological data essential for the implementation of the national strategy against the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the context of achieving the WHO target of controlling t...

BACKGROUND In Timor-Leste there have been intermittent and ineffective soil-transmitted helminth (STH) deworming programs since 2004. In a resource-constrained setting, having information on the geographic distribution of STH can aid in prioritising high risk communities for intervention. This study aimed to quantify the environmental risk factors for STH infection and to produce a risk map of ...