This paper presents findings from an experimental study investigating the downstream wake response from marine current energy convertors operating in various degrees of vertical flow constraint. The paper investigates deep vertically unconstrained sites, mid-depth sites and there is a particular emphasis on shallow tidal stream sites. Shallow tidal resources could be utilised for the deployment...

Vitamin B12 (VB12) was administered to two patients suffering for many years from different sleep-wake rhythm disorders. One patient was a 15-year-old blind girl suffering from a free-running sleep-wake rhythm (hypernychthemeral syndrome) with a period of about 25 h. In spite of repeated trials to entrain her sleep-wake cycle to the environmental 24-h rhythm, her free-running rhythm persisted f...

While the central window implementation in a superscalar processor is an effective approach to waking up ready instructions, this implementation does not scale to large instruction window sizes as those that are required by wide issue superscalars of the future. We propose a new wake-up algorithm that dynamically associates explicit wake-up lists with executing instructions according to the dep...

Actigraphy offers one of the best-known alternatives to polysomnography for sleep-wake identification. The advantages of actigraphy include high accuracy, simplicity of use and low intrusiveness. These features allow the use of actigraphy for determining sleep-wake states in such highly sensitive groups as infants. This study utilizes a motion sensor (accelerometer) for a dual purpose: to deter...

An aerodynamic fairing can reduce the effects of the wind turbine tower wake on the blades of a downwind rotor. Previous studies on fairing design have focused on idealized conditions and time-averaged drag reductions, whereas this is the first study to obtain and analyze unsteady velocity field data in the wake of minimum drag fairings at non-zero angles of attack, specifically designed for wi...

In this paper we study Lagrangian transport in the near wake of the flow around an obstacle, which we take to be a cylinder. In this case, for the range of Reynolds numbers investigated, the flow is two-dimensional and time periodic. We use ideas and methods from transport theory in dynamical systems to describe and quantify transport in the near wake. We numerically solve the Navier-Stokes equ...

Despite the predominance of sleep in early infancy, developmental science has yet to play a major role in shaping concepts and theories about sleep and its associated ultradian and circadian rhythms. Here we argue that developmental analyses help us to elucidate the relative contributions of the brainstem and forebrain to sleep-wake control and to dissect the neural components of sleep-wake rhy...

[1] Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) predicts that lunar wake expands outward at magnetosonic velocities in all directions perpendicular to background solar wind; however, fluid theories emphasize that lunar wake expands outward at sound speeds mainly along the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Early observations supported the MHD predictions in the near-moon region despite lack of solar wind and ...

The properties of turbulence generated by uniform fluxes of monodisperse spherical particles moving through a uniform flowing gas were studied experimentally, emphasizing the properties of the region surrounding individual wake disturbances, i.e., the turbulent inter-wake region. Mean and fluctuating values, probability density functions and energy spectra of streamwise and cross stream velocit...

OBJECTIVE To examine bed times and wake times in US adolescents aged 15 to 17 years using time diaries to determine whether adolescent sleep has changed in recent years and what factors determine bed times and wake times. STUDY DESIGN Time diary analysis using 2 national probability samples: 1981 Time Use Longitudinal Panel Study (n = 130) and 2003-2006 American Time Use Survey (n = 2978). ...