Chronic neck pain, a common cause of disability, seems to be the result of several interacting mechanisms. In addition to degenerative and inflammatory changes and trauma, psychological and psychosocial factors are also involved. One common type of trauma associated with chronic neck pain is whiplash injury; this sometimes results in whiplash-associated disorder (WAD), a controversial condition...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the methodological quality and synthesize recommendations of evidence-based guidelines for the management of common traffic injuries. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a systematic review and best evidence synthesis of guidelines on musculoskeletal injuries, psychological disorders and mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) from 1995 to 2012. Independent reviewers critically appra...

Ferrocyanide compounds enter the environment as anti-caking additives to road salts. In illuminated aquatic environments, the salts dissociate and form toxic free cyanide, which can then be lost through volatilization. The most common techniques for analysis of cyanide in environmental samples measure total and free (generally weak-acid dissociable, WAD) cyanide species. Cyanide has been detect...

A high-resolution coastal ocean model was developed to simulate the temporal/spatial variability of the Kennebec–Androscoggin (K–A) river plume and the circulation in Casco Bay. The model results agree favorably with the moored and shipboard observations of velocity, temperature, and salinity. The surface salinity gradient was used to distinguish the plume from the ambient coastal water. The ca...

BACKGROUND Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD) are common following a motor vehicle accident. The Functional Impairment Test - Hand, and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) assesses upper extremity physical performance. It has been validated in patients with shoulder pathology but not in those with WAD. OBJECTIVES Establish the Intra and inter-rater reliability and the known-group and construct val...

This project determined the effect of Peste des petit ruminants (PPR) vaccine on the haematological indices of two breeds of goats (Sahel and West African Dwarf) and evaluated the effects of breed and sex on the haematological parameters. Haematological indices of the initial sample (comprising ten Sahel and ten WAD breeds) were evaluated prior to vaccination. Thirteen of the twenty goats were ...

BACKGROUND Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) is an evergreen perennial plant widely used in modern herbal practice and is often available in proprietary herbal preparations. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the semen picture and spermatozoa morphology of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks treated with Aloe vera extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve sexually matured WAD bucks, ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the psychological impact associated with motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related physical injuries. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Multiple search engines included MEDLINE (via OVID), PsycINFO and Embase, and studies were sourced from scientific journals, conference papers and doctoral theses. STUDY SELECTION A h...

Poor sputum clearance has been related to sputum adhesion tension. In this study, we describe a modified du Noüy ring method for measuring the surface tension (gamma) of small samples of sputum and for comparinge the calculated work of adhesion (Wad) for sputum specimens with the measured mucociliary transportability (MCTR) and cough transportability (CTR). The gamma, as measured by this method...

BACKGROUND Some studies support the prescription of exercise for people with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD); however, the response is highly variable. Further research is necessary to identify factors which predict response. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, multicentre controlled clinical trial of 202 volunteers with chronic WAD (grades 2 and 3). They received either...