BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15(INK4b) and p57(KIP2) are important regulators of the cell cycle, and their abnormal expression has been detected in various tumors. However, little is known about the role of p15(INK4b) and p57(KIP2) in the pathogenesis of vulvar carcinoma, and the prognostic impact is still unknown. In our current study, we examined the expression of p15(IN...

The etiopathogenesis of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN III) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma are largely unknown. Since there are few studies on Brazilian patients, our purpose was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the expression of p53 in these lesions, and associate them with other factors such as age, morphological subtypes, multicentric and mu...

Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson (2014): Characterization of HPV-induced vaginal and vulvar carcinoma. Örebro Studies in Medicine 112. Vaginal and vulvar carcinomas are rare gynaecological malignancies, partly caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV-16 is the most frequent genotype found and HPV as a prognostic factor for these women has not been fully investigated. A persistent HPV-infection...

Cigarette smoking is an established cofactor to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and may influence risk through an immunosuppressive pathway. Genetic variation in interleukin 2 (IL2), associated in some studies with the inhibition of HPV-targeted immunity, may modify the effect of smoking on the risk of HPV-related anogenital ca...

Primary vulvar neuroendocrine carcinoma are extremely rare. There have been few cases of these tumors most of which have been considered as Merkel cell carcinoma. This report describes a moderately differentiated neuroendocrine cell carcinoma that was not compatible to any of previously reported cases. The patient underwent left hemivulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Patho...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE A woman diagnosed with a recurrent vulval carcinoma after initial treatment with radiochemotherapy is presented. After three additional relapses she was vaccinated with Gardasil. She has had no relapses in her vulvar area for 39 months and an overall progression-free survival of almost 24 months.