West Africa has been described as a hotspot of climate change. The reliance on rain-fed agriculture by over 65% of the population means that vulnerability to climatic hazards such as droughts, rainstorms and floods will continue. Yet, the vulnerability and risk levels faced by different rural social-ecological systems (SES) affected by multiple hazards are poorly understood. To fill this gap, t...

This paper aims to develop a set of valid and reliable indicators to evaluate the regional land subsidence disaster vulnerability. The proposed indicator system can provide effective theoretical support for further land subsidence risk evaluation and risk management. This study transfers the qualitative analysis of land subsidence vulnerability to quantitative evaluation by developing a univers...

In recent years the issue of supply chain risk has been pushed to the fore, initially by fears related to possible disruptions from the much publicised ‘millennium bug’. Y2K passed seemingly without incident, though the widespread disruptions caused by fuel protests and then Foot and Mouth Disease in the UK, and by terrorist attacks on the USA have underlined the vulnerability of modern supply ...

A vulnerability that has been discovered but is unpatched represents a security risk to a system. During the lifetime of a software system, new vulnerabilities are discovered over time. There are two opposing actors, the patch developers and the potential exploiters. An exploit can happen immediately after a disclosure, perhaps even before the disclosure if the discovery is made by a black-hat ...

Rising vulnerability statistics demands multidimensional trend analysis for efficient threat mitigation. Understanding trends aids in early detection of problems and also in planning defense mechanisms. In this regard, this paper presents finegrained trend analysis on classified vulnerability data provided by NVD, across six CVSS base metrics. Such analysis of vulnerability data according to th...

BACKGROUND Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. AIMS To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity. METHOD We collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trau...

Bandar Abbas (center of Hormozgan province) is the most important port city in the south of Iran because of its historical places, cultural, economic, social and political importance. High risk of earthquake occurrence in this city and its province indicates the necessity of surveying the seismic vulnerability of buildings. The object of this paper is collected from existing Buildings, compiled...

Recent research finds that perceived risk is closely associated with race and gender. In surveys of the American public a subset of white males stand out for their uniformly low perceptions of environmental health risks, while most nonwhite and nonmale respondents reveal higher perceived risk. Such findings have been attributed to the advantageous position of white males in American social life...

Rapid urbanization in China has strengthened the connection and cooperation among cities and has also led urban residents to be more vulnerable in adverse environmental conditions. Vulnerability research has been an important foundation in urban risk management. To make cities safe and resilient, it is also necessary to integrate the connection among cities into a vulnerability assessment. Ther...

PURPOSE Neglect of older adults accounts for 60% to 70% of all elder-mistreatment reports made to adult protective services. The purpose of this article is to report data from research, using a risk-and-vulnerability model, that captures the independent contributions of both the elder and the caregiver as they relate to the outcome of neglect. METHODS Between February 2001 and September 2003,...