BACKGROUND Bedside assessment of lung volume in clinical practice is crucial to adapt ventilation strategy. We compared bedside measures of lung volume by helium multiple-breath washout technique (EELVMBW,He) and effective lung volume based on capnodynamics (ELV) to those assessed from spiral chest CT scans (EELVCT) under different PEEP levels in control and surfactant-depleted lungs. METHODS...

Net sodium (Na) loss during diuretic administration is limited by postdiuretic renal salt retention. This could be a homeostatic response to extracellular fluid volume (ECV) depletion. However, rats infused with loop diuretics develop structural and functional adaptations in the distal nephron that enhance NaCl reabsorption. Therefore, the hypothesis that postdiuretic Na retention in humans con...

Thiol reagents activate K-Cl cotransport (K-Cl COT), the Cl-dependent and Na-independent ouabain-resistant K flux, in red blood cells (RBCs) of several species, upon depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH). K-Cl COT is physiologically active in high potassium (HK), high GSH (HG) dog RBCs. In this unique model, we studied whether the same inverse relationship exists between GSH levels and K-Cl C...

Oxidative stress contributes to renal epithelial cell injury in certain settings. Chloride influx has also been proposed as an important component of acute renal epithelial cell injury. The present studies examined the role of Cl(-) in H(2)O(2)-induced injury to LLC-PK(1) renal epithelial cells. Exposure of LLC-PK(1) cells to 1 mM H(2)O(2) resulted in the following: depletion of intracellular A...

Resident macrophages in bone play important roles in bone remodeling, repair, and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, yet their role in skeletal metastasis remains under investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of macrophages in prostate cancer skeletal metastasis, using two in vivo mouse models of conditional macrophage depletion. RM-1 syngeneic tumor growth was analy...

Objective. To assess volume guarantee (VG) ventilation combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) strategy on PaCO2 regulation in an experimental model of neonatal distress syndrome. Methods. Six 2-day-old piglets weighing 2.57 ± 0.26 kg were used for this interventional experimental study. Animals were ventilated during physiologic lung conditions and after depletion of lung s...

To determine whether acute chloride depletion per se stimulates renin, we produced selective chloride depletion without sodium depletion in rats by peritoneal dialysis (PD) against 0.15 M NaHCO3 or 0.15 M NaNO3. Control rats were dialyzed against 0.15 M NaCl. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured before (PRA1) and 105 minutes after (PRA2) PD. Plasma volume was expanded after PD by infusion o...

Chemical models predict that in cold cores gas-phase methanol is expected to be abundant at the outer edge of CO depletion zone, where actively adsorbed. adsorption correlates with volume density cores, and, nearby molecular clouds, catastrophic freeze-out happens densities above 10$^4$ cm$^{-3}$. The production rate maximized there and its does not overcome rate, while molecules are shielded f...

A 69-year-old female presented with palpitations and a history of tiredness and shortness of breath for several weeks. She had a previous history of Raynaud syndrome. She was an ex-smoker. She commented that she had not lost her tan since the previous summer. Her only medication was nifedipine for her Raynaud syndrome. On examination, she was slim and tanned. Pulse rate was 86 beats per minute ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS This study investigates the use of blood volume monitoring (BVM) markers for the assessment of fluid status. METHODS Predialysis fluid overload (FO) and BVM data were collected in 55 chronic hemodialysis patients in 317 treatments. Predialysis FO was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy. The slope of the intravascular volume decrease over time normalized by ultrafiltration...