The enantiomeric distribution and profile of volatiles in plants, which affect the biological and organoleptic properties, can be varied depending on extraction methods as well as their cultivars. The secondary volatile components of the needles of three conifer cultivars (Chamaecyparispisifera, Chamaecyparisobtusa, and Thujaorientalis) were compared. Furthermore, the effects of three different...

Propolis is a sticky material collected by bees from plants, and used in the hive as building material and defensive substance. It has been popular as a remedy in Europe since ancient times. Nowadays, propolis use in over-the-counter preparations, "bio"-cosmetics and functional foods, etc., increases. Volatile compounds are found in low concentrations in propolis, but their aroma and significan...

Irradiation and storage increased lipid oxidation of normal and pale-soft-exudative (PSE) muscles, whereas dark-firm-dry (DFD) muscle was very stable and resistant to oxidative changes. Irradiation increased redness regardless of pork-quality type, and the increases were proportional to irradiation dose. Irradiation increased the production of sulfur-containing volatiles, but not lipid oxidatio...

Fresh tomato volatiles are formed in intact fruit during ripening and upon tissue disruption. There are different pathways involved in the biosynthesis of these volatiles. The oxylipin pathway uses free unsaturated fatty acids with the sequential action of lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase and alcohol dehydrogenase to produce volatile aldehyde and alcohol compounds. Oxylipin volatiles are the m...

Amino acid homopolymers were used to determine production of radiolytic volatiles by irradiation. Many new volatiles were generated, and the amounts of volatiles in amino acid homopolymers changed after irradiation. Each amino acid homopolymer group produced different odor characteristics, but the intensities of odor from all amino acid groups were weak, except for sulfur-containing amino acids...

Release of volatiles in oil emulsion systems containing various fat contents was determined using purge-and-trap dynamic headspace/gas chromatography. Oil emulsions were prepared using 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8% oil, and a standard mixture was prepared using hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. Fat content in oil emulsions reduced the volatility of added volatile standards, and the amoun...

Major volatiles from young and mature leaves of different citrus types were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. A total of 123 components were identified form nine citrus cultivars, including nine aldehydes, 19 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 27 oxygenated monoterpenes, 43 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, eight oxygenated sesquiterpenes, two ketones, six esters and nine misc...

The effects of insect larval diet on adult olfactory responses to host-plant or food volatiles are still debated. The induction of adult host preferences has been studied in insects with diverse ecologies, including parasitoids, flower-visitors and phytophagous species. We investigated this question for the first time in a coprophagous insect species. Larvae of the French scarab dung beetle Agr...

[1] We have modeled the nucleation and isothermal growth of bubbles in dacite from the 1912 Plinian eruption of Novarupta, Alaska. Bubble growth calculations account for the exsolution of H2O and CO2, beginning with bubble nucleation and ending when bubble sizes reproduced the observed size distribution of vesicles in Novarupta pumice clasts. Assuming classical nucleation theory, bubbles nuclea...

12 The contribution of low-abundance microbial species to soil ecosystems is easily overlooked 13 because there is considerable overlap between metabolic abilities (functional redundancy) of 14 dominant and subordinate microbial species. Here we studied how loss of less abundant soil 15 bacteria affected the production of antifungal volatiles, an important factor in the natural control 16 of so...